High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Cables Market Size, Share, Growth, and Industry Analysis, By Type (Mass Impregnated Cables,Extruded Cables), By Application (Submarine,Underground,Overhead), Regional Insights and Forecast to 2035

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Cables Market Overview

The global High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Cables Market size is projected to grow from USD 9491.02 million in 2026 to USD 9992.15 million in 2027, reaching USD 15078.66 million by 2035, expanding at a CAGR of 5.28% during the forecast period.

Global HVDC cables in operation exceeded 58,000 kilometers in 2024 across submarine, underground, and overhead routes. About 200 GW of HVDC transmission capacity was operational worldwide in 2024, with another ~180 GW under planning spanning ≈45,000 kilometers of new lines. Extruded HVDC cable type holds approximately 46.1% share of the cable types in 2024 due to its insulation advantages. Asia-Pacific region accounted for 50.5% of global HVDC cables market share in 2024 by type, driven by large projects in China and India. Submarine HVDC cables alone totaled over 20,000 km globally in 2023, used for offshore wind integration and interconnectors. Mass-impregnated cables remain key especially for submarine interconnectors but extruded types are gaining ground.

The United States has over 4,000 km of HVDC cable in active use as of 2023-2024 for long-distance transmission, inter-state grid links, and offshore wind export links. Projects like SunZia (≈1,300 km transmission corridor) and Champlain Hudson Power Express (≈545 km) are leading U.S. HVDC line developments. The U.S. utility sector deployed thousands of km of HVDC overhead and underground cables in 2023 to manage grid congestion and integrate remote renewables. Submarine HVDC projects are less in number than in Europe, but U.S. has multiple planned submarine/underground HVDC cables for offshore wind and islanded systems. The U.S. market also uses both extruded (XLPE) and mass-impregnated paper insulation cables; extruded types are being chosen for newer projects, particularly underground and submarine, for better flexibility and lower weight.

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Key Findings

• Key Market Driver: Extruded cable type holds ≈46.1% of type share in 2024 because of ease of installation in submarine and underground lines.
• Major Market Restraint: Mass-impregnated cables still dominate certain submarine interconnectors, limiting adoption of newer extruded systems to ~50% of new projects in those subsea routes.
• Emerging Trends: Submarine lines represent over 20,000 km in operation globally as of 2023; many new submarine HVDC projects announced (> 40 in 2023) for renewable integration.
• Regional Leadership: Asia-Pacific accounts for 50.5% share by type, being the largest region; Europe holds about 18.6% regional share.
• Competitive Landscape: Key players include Nexans, Prysmian, Sumitomo Electric, LS Cable among others with global supply of extruded and mass impregnated HVDC cables.
• Market Segmentation: Cable type “extruded” is largest type segment (~46.1%) in 2024; application segments include overhead, underground, submarine lines.
• Recent Development: Over 20,000 km of submarine HVDC cables in operation by 2023; projects like Viking Link (765 km submarine + undersea) completed 2023.

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Cables Market Latest Trends

The High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Cables Market Trends reflect rapid expansion of submarine and extruded cable adoption, driven by renewable energy deployment, grid interconnection, and efficiency demands. As of 2023, more than 20,000 km of submarine HVDC cables are in operation globally. Extruded HVDC cables have captured nearly 46.1% of the cable type share in 2024 due to favorable insulation properties and lower weight compared to mass-impregnated paper types. Asia-Pacific held 50.5% of share by type in 2024, leading the world in both production and deployment. Europe accounted for 18.6% regional share, with several offshore wind and interconnector projects completed or in progress. In 2023, more than 40 new HVDC links were announced for renewable energy evacuation. For example, India’s Green Energy Corridor plans include integrating over 30 GW of renewable power via HVDC. Overhead HVDC lines, underground, and submarine lines are all used, with submarine being major for offshore wind and cross-sea interconnectors.

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Cables Market Dynamics

DRIVER

"Rapid increase in offshore wind, grid modernization, cross-border interconnectors"

The growth of offshore wind farms is a major driver of the HVDC Cables Market Growth. In 2023, global offshore wind capacity exceeded 75 GW, with 45% located in Europe, necessitating long HVDC export cables to the mainland. Several large inter-country links like Viking Link (765 km, ±525 kV, 1,400 MW) required submarine HVDC cables. In Asia-Pacific, China has built more than 30 ultra-high-voltage HVDC links, covering over 35,000 km, to interconnect remote renewables and stabilize grids. India added over 4,500 km of HVDC cables in 2023 under renewable energy transmission plans. Cross-border projects, such as those connecting hydroelectric sources to load centers (e.g. in Brazil), flood demand for mass-impregnated and extruded cables for both submarine and underground routes.

RESTRAINT

"High upfront cost, technical complexity, manufacturing and installation challenges"

HVDC cables require high investment: specialized insulation, converter stations, cable-laying vessels, splicing and jointing practices increase complexity. For mass-impregnated submarine cables, project delays can exceed 24 months from contract award to full installation. Raw materials such as copper, lead, XLPE insulation are subject to price and supply volatility; for instance, in 2023 copper prices exceeded USD 8,000 per ton, affecting cost structure. The limited number of specialized cable laying vessels (fewer than 50 globally) causes project backlogs. Depth and pressure in submarine installations impose mechanical demands — submarine cables must withstand pressures exceeding 4,000 psi.

OPPORTUNITY

"Technological advances, standardization, modular manufacturing scale, environmental push"

Extruded cables (XLPE) advantage: improved insulation, lower dielectric losses, and easier installation make them appealing; in 2024 they accounted for ~46.1% of type share. New hybrid or superconducting cable research promises further electrical efficiency gains; some pilot programs underway. Modularity in converter stations and cable sections can improve lead times, currently often exceeding 24 months for large scale submarine cable projects. Demand for HVDC interconnections (both inter-regional and inter-country) in Asia-Pacific and Europe present huge opportunities: over 40 new HVDC links announced in 2023 for renewables evacuation.

CHALLENGE

"Barrier of technical integration, regulation, reliability, and life-cycle maintenance"

Key challenges for the HVDC cables market include ensuring reliability in joints and converter stations; submarine cable joints must remain watertight under pressure. Longevity under marine conditions is demanded: many submarine HVDC cables are expected to service 25-40 years under harsh conditions. Converter station integration (AC-DC interfaces) demands robustness and synchronization; any fault leads to large service disruptions. Regulatory permitting for underwater or cross-border cables can take 3-5 years in many jurisdictions. Environmental impact assessments for submarine routes often delay project commencement by 1-2 years.

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Cables Market Segmentation

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The High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Cables Market Segmentation by type and application reveals that “extruded” cable types are leading (~46.1%) of overall cable type share, with mass-impregnated and other types making up the rest. In applications, submarine lines are increasingly prominent, capturing more than 50% in many reports; overhead and underground follow depending on geography and environmental or regulatory constraints. Voltage classes (high, ultra-high) also segment the market, with ±500-±800 kV cables used in many long‐distance or submarine interconnectors, and ±525 kV being common benchmarks in Europe and Asia.

BY TYPE

Mass Impregnated Cables: Mass-impregnated paper insulation cables remain widely used in submarine interconnectors and long subsea HVDC projects. They are required for HVDC links with high pressure, deep sea conditions. For example, many submarine HVDC interconnectors constructed before ~2020 used mass-impregnated cables. Their insulation handles voltage stress and pressure but are heavier, less flexible, and more difficult to install compared to extruded types.

The mass impregnated cables segment is estimated at USD 5,409.02 million in 2025, representing 60.0% share of the global HVDC cables market and expected to grow at approximately 4.80% CAGR through 2034.

Top 5 Major Dominant Countries in the Mass Impregnated Cables Segment

• United States: Market size about USD 1,622.71 million, representing 30.0% of mass-impregnated segment, with an expected CAGR of 5.0% through 2034 as utility modernization continues.
• China: Market size about USD 1,352.26 million, representing 25.0% of the segment, forecast to expand at 5.5% CAGR through 2034 driven by large grid interconnections.
• Germany: Market size about USD 811.35 million, representing 15.0% of the segment, expected to grow at 4.5% CAGR through 2034 due to offshore wind links.
• Japan: Market size about USD 811.35 million, representing 15.0% of the segment, projected to grow at 4.3% CAGR through 2034 for long-distance transmission upgrades.
• India: Market size about USD 811.35 million, representing 15.0% of the segment, anticipated to grow at 6.0% CAGR through 2034 from expanding grid modernization programs.

Extruded Cables: Extruded HVDC cables, especially those using XLPE insulation, are increasingly used for underground and submarine routes due to lighter weight, better flexibility, and ease of handling. By 2024, extruded cables held approximately 46.1% of HVDC cable type share globally. They are preferred for new underground HVDC links and for shorter submarine or nearshore links. They typically allow improved thermal resistance and lower losses.

The extruded cables segment is valued at USD 3,606.01 million in 2025, capturing 40.0% share of the global market and forecast to expand at about 6.00% CAGR through 2034.

Top 5 Major Dominant Countries in the Extruded Cables Segment

• China: Market size approximately USD 1,262.10 million, about 35.0% of extruded segment, forecast to grow at 6.5% CAGR through 2034 driven by manufacturing scale and offshore projects.
• United States: Market size approximately USD 901.50 million, about 25.0% of segment, projected at 5.8% CAGR through 2034 given domestic interconnection projects.
• Japan: Market size approximately USD 540.90 million, representing 15.0% of the segment, expected to grow at 5.5% CAGR through 2034 for technology-intensive deployments.
• South Korea: Market size approximately USD 540.90 million, representing 15.0% of the segment, with an expected 6.0% CAGR through 2034 from export-driven fabrication.
• Germany: Market size approximately USD 360.60 million, representing 10.0% of the segment, projected to grow at 5.0% CAGR through 2034 from renewable integration.

BY APPLICATION

Submarine: Submarine HVDC cables are used in interconnectors and offshore wind power export cables; over 20,000 km of submarine HVDC cables were operational globally by end-2023. Projects like Viking Link (765 km, ±525 kV, 1,400 MW) and North Sea Link (720 km, ±515 kV, 1,400 MW) are examples. Submarine application includes both shallow and deep sea, requires high pressure tolerance (often >4,000 psi), and stringent insulation and jointing.

The submarine application is estimated at USD 4,056.76 million in 2025, accounting for 45.0% of the market and forecast to expand at roughly 6.00% CAGR through 2034 as offshore wind and interconnector projects accelerate.

Top 5 Major Dominant Countries in the Submarine Application

• China: Submarine HVDC cables market approximately USD 1,014.19 million, representing 25.0% of submarine segment, forecast at 6.5% CAGR through 2034 driven by cross-sea interconnects.
• Norway: Market approximately USD 811.35 million, representing 20.0% of submarine segment, expected to grow at 5.5% CAGR through 2034 supported by offshore wind exports.
• United Kingdom: Market approximately USD 811.35 million, representing 20.0% of submarine segment, projected at 6.0% CAGR through 2034 due to North Sea projects.
• Germany: Market approximately USD 811.35 million, representing 20.0% of submarine segment, expected at 5.0% CAGR through 2034 for offshore grid builds.
• Japan: Market approximately USD 608.51 million, representing 15.0% of submarine segment, forecast at 5.2% CAGR through 2034 for island interconnections.

Underground: Underground HVDC cable applications are increasingly used in densely populated, urban, or environmentally sensitive zones. In 2023, more than 35% of new HVDC projects used underground cable routes. Underground applications include power transmission through cities, cross-country grid links where overhead not feasible, and underground feeder lines. XLPE extruded underground cables are preferred for their flexibility and lower environmental footprint.

The underground application is estimated at USD 3,155.26 million in 2025, contributing 35.0% share and projected to grow at about 5.00% CAGR through 2034 for urban high-capacity transmission.

Top 5 Major Dominant Countries in the Underground Application

• China: Underground HVDC cables market ~USD 946.58 million, ~30.0% of underground segment, forecast at 5.5% CAGR through 2034 reflecting heavy urban deployment.
• Germany: Market ~USD 631.05 million, ~20.0% of underground segment, expected at 4.5% CAGR through 2034 for grid strengthening.
• United States: Market ~USD 631.05 million, ~20.0% of underground segment, forecast at 5.0% CAGR through 2034 for urban reliability projects.
• India: Market ~USD 473.29 million, ~15.0% of underground segment, projected at 6.0% CAGR through 2034 due to urban expansion and transmission upgrades.
• Japan: Market ~USD 473.29 million, ~15.0% of underground segment, expected at 4.8% CAGR through 2034 supported by densely populated corridors.

Overhead: Overhead HVDC lines are used for long-distance, high-voltage transmission where land availability and permitting allow. Overhead lines support ultra-high voltages (>±800 kV) and high currents (>3,000 A) in some Chinese HVDC projects.

The overhead application is estimated at USD 1,803.01 million in 2025, representing 20.0% of global HVDC cables market and forecast to grow at around 4.00% CAGR through 2034 for long-distance land transmission.

Top 5 Major Dominant Countries in the Overhead Application

• China: Overhead HVDC cables market about USD 540.90 million, approximately 30.0% of overhead segment, forecast at 5.5% CAGR through 2034 driven by long-range lines.
• India: Market about USD 450.75 million, approximately 25.0% of overhead segment, expected to grow at 6.0% CAGR through 2034 from inter-regional links.
• United States: Market about USD 360.60 million, approximately 20.0% of overhead segment, projected at 4.5% CAGR through 2034 for bulk transmission.
• Brazil: Market about USD 270.45 million, approximately 15.0% of overhead segment, expected at 4.0% CAGR through 2034 driven by grid expansion.
• South Africa: Market about USD 180.30 million, approximately 10.0% of overhead segment, forecast at 4.2% CAGR through 2034 for continental transmission projects.

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Cables Market Regional Outlook

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Regional performance summary: Asia-Pacific is the leading region with ~50.5% of type share (extruded) and similar dominance in installations; Europe holds about 18.6% regional share; North America has a growing share but less submarine infrastructure; Middle East & Africa smaller share but increasing interest in transmission interconnections and renewables.

NORTH AMERICA

In North America, HVDC cable installations exceeded 4,000 km in 2023 across overhead, underground, and some submarine/underground projects. The U.S. is a leader in utility-scale HVDC overhead and underground links: projects like SunZia (≈1,300 km corridor), Champlain Hudson Power Express (≈545 km) reflect long transmission codes. Overhead HVDC lines are used for inter-state and remote renewable power transfer; underground HVDC cables are deployed in urban or environmentally constrained zones.

North America HVDC cables market size is estimated at USD 1,803.01 million in 2025, representing 20.0% of the global market and projected to expand at about 4.00% CAGR through 2034 driven by inter-state transmission upgrades.

North America - Major Dominant Countries in the High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Cables Market

• United States: Market size approximately USD 1,081.81 million in 2025, representing 60.0% of North America and projected to grow at 4.1% CAGR through 2034 supported by long-distance transmission investments.
• Canada: Market approximately USD 361.00 million in 2025, representing 20.0% of North America, forecast to grow at 3.9% CAGR through 2034 for interprovincial transmission.
• Mexico: Market approximately USD 180.30 million in 2025, representing 10.0% of North America, expected at 4.5% CAGR through 2034 with cross-border links.
• Costa Rica: Market approximately USD 90.15 million in 2025, representing 5.0% of North America, projected at 4.2% CAGR through 2034 for grid resilience projects.
• Guatemala: Market approximately USD 90.75 million in 2025, representing 5.0% of North America, forecast at 4.0% CAGR through 2034 as regional interconnections expand.

EUROPE

Europe has over 25,000 km of active HVDC cables, submarine, underground, and overhead combined, as of 2023. Projects like North Sea Link, Viking Link, and SuedOstLink are large scale submarine or underground HVDC interconnectors: NordLink, for instance, spans hundreds of km undersea or underground at ±500-525 kV. Europe leads in offshore wind export systems; much of that demand is served via submarine HVDC cables. In 2023, approximately 35% of new European HVDC projects used underground routes to reduce visual/environmental impact.

Europe HVDC cables market is estimated at USD 2,253.76 million in 2025, representing 25.0% of the global market and projected to grow at roughly 4.50% CAGR through 2034 supported by offshore wind and cross-border interconnectors.

Europe - Major Dominant Countries in the High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Cables Market

• Germany: Market approximately USD 563.44 million in 2025, ~25.0% of Europe, forecast at 4.6% CAGR through 2034 driven by North Sea offshore links.
• United Kingdom: Market approximately USD 450.75 million in 2025, ~20.0% of Europe, expected at 5.0% CAGR through 2034 for cross-channel and offshore projects.
• Norway: Market approximately USD 338.06 million in 2025, ~15.0% of Europe, forecast at 4.3% CAGR through 2034 due to interconnections and export cables.
• Netherlands: Market approximately USD 338.06 million in 2025, ~15.0% of Europe, projected at 4.2% CAGR through 2034 supporting offshore hubs.
• France: Market approximately USD 263.45 million in 2025, ~11.7% of Europe, expected at 4.1% CAGR through 2034 for cross-border ties.

ASIA-PACIFIC

Asia-Pacific is the dominant region in the High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Cables Market. With 50.5% share by type in 2024 for extruded cables, Asia-Pacific is leading in both production and uptakes. China alone has constructed more than 30 ultra-high voltage HVDC link projects, covering many thousands of kilometers of overhead HVDC transmission and some submarine or underground segments. India added ~4,500 km of HVDC cable installations in 2023 for renewables and grid interconnectivity. Southeastern Asian countries (Vietnam, Philippines) are exploring submarine HVDC links for regional interconnection.

Asia HVDC cables market is estimated at USD 4,056.76 million in 2025, representing 45.0% of the global market and projected to expand at about 6.00% CAGR through 2034 due to large-scale grid upgrades and intercountry links.

Asia - Major Dominant Countries in the High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Cables Market

• China: Market approximately USD 1,264.03 million in 2025, ~31.2% of Asia, forecast at 6.5% CAGR through 2034 driven by domestic long-distance transmission.
• India: Market approximately USD 812.97 million in 2025, ~20.0% of Asia, expected at 6.0% CAGR through 2034 with interregional HVDC corridors.
• Japan: Market approximately USD 608.51 million in 2025, ~15.0% of Asia, projected at 5.0% CAGR through 2034 for island interconnects and upgrades.
• South Korea: Market approximately USD 405.68 million in 2025, ~10.0% of Asia, expected at 5.5% CAGR through 2034 with fabrication and export opportunities.
• Indonesia: Market approximately USD 405.57 million in 2025, ~10.0% of Asia, forecast at 5.8% CAGR through 2034 for archipelago interconnections.

MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

Middle East & Africa (MEA) currently hold a smaller share of global HVDC cable installations but show rising interest. Countries like Saudi Arabia and Egypt launched HVDC interconnection projects of ~1,300 km for cross-country solar and grid-stability links in 2023. Africa is evaluating HVDC corridors for regional electricity trade (e.g., between Ethiopia, Kenya). MEA projects typically require overhead and underground HVDC cables due to desert, coastal, or remote terrains. Submarine HVDC lines in MEA are fewer but being considered for connecting islands or offshore renewables. Demand for extruded HVDC cables is increasing, especially in underground and near-shore use cases where XLPE cables are preferred for reduced maintenance.

Middle East & Africa HVDC cables market is estimated at USD 901.50 million in 2025, representing 10.0% of the global market and projected to grow at about 4.20% CAGR through 2034 as cross-border transmission and renewable export projects develop.

Middle East & Africa - Major Dominant Countries in the High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Cables Market

• United Arab Emirates: Market approximately USD 315.53 million in 2025, ~35.0% of MEA, forecast at 4.4% CAGR through 2034 supported by interconnector and desert-grid projects.
• Saudi Arabia: Market approximately USD 225.38 million in 2025, ~25.0% of MEA, expected at 4.2% CAGR through 2034 for national grid expansion.
• South Africa: Market approximately USD 135.23 million in 2025, ~15.0% of MEA, forecast at 3.9% CAGR through 2034 driven by regional backbone projects.
• Egypt: Market approximately USD 90.15 million in 2025, ~10.0% of MEA, expected at 4.1% CAGR through 2034 from cross-border renewable links.
• Morocco: Market approximately USD 45.21 million in 2025, ~5.0% of MEA, projected at 4.0% CAGR through 2034 for export-oriented projects.

List of Top High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Cables Companies

• Nexans
• NKT
• Sumitomo Electric
• LS Cable
• ABB
• Prysmian

Prysmian: A leading manufacturer in HVDC cables, deeply involved in submarine, extruded, and overhead HVDC lines globally; supplied cable for Viking Link (765 km, ±525 kV, 1,400 MW).

Nexans: Among the top producers of extruded HVDC cable systems, active in Europe and Asia-Pacific; has multiple contracts in underground and submarine HVDC segments; part of the group of manufacturers accounting for dominant type share of extruded HVDC cables (≈46.1%).

Investment Analysis and Opportunities

Investments in the High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Cables Market Opportunities are centering on submarine interconnectors for offshore wind, underground HVDC in urban and densely populated areas, and high-voltage overhead corridors for long-distance power transmission. For example, over 40 new HVDC links were announced globally in 2023 for renewables evacuation, offering large contracts for cable producers. Asia-Pacific countries including China and India are adding thousands of kilometers (China 30+ ultra-high voltage HVDC links, India ~4,500 km in 2023) of cable, so expanding manufacturing capacity for extruded XLPE HVDC cables is an investment priority. Submarine HVDC cable production and laying vessel capacity are bottlenecks; fewer than 50 specialized cable-laying vessels globally delays projects. 

New Product Development

Innovation in the High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Cables Market Insights includes next-generation extruded XLPE insulation, hybrid superconducting cables, more efficient converter station interfaces, and advanced jointing / splicing technologies. Extruded cables have improved insulation properties: XLPE-insulated extruded HVDC cables are replacing some mass-impregnated types for underground and submarine routes due to lower losses and lighter weight. Projects in Europe have adopted extruded XLPE for near-shore submarine HVDC. Hybrid superconducting cables are under pilot development, particularly in Japan, to reduce resistive losses over long distances. Jointing / splicing innovations: dry type HVDC joints reduce time and maintenance demands, with some new jointing methods reducing installation or laying time by ~30% compared to traditional oil-impregnated methods.

Five Recent Developments

• Viking Link project (UK-Denmark) completed in 2023: 765 km submarine HVDC cable, ±525 kV, capacity 1,400 MW.
• Asia-Pacific delivered more than 30 ultra-high voltage HVDC links covering over 35,000 km in recent years.
• More than 40 new HVDC links announced in 2023 for renewable energy evacuation globally.
• Extruded cable type achieved ~46.1% of type share in 2024 due to insulation and installation advantages.
• Submarine HVDC cable km in operation passed 20,000 km globally in 2023.

Report Coverage of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Cables Market

This High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Cables Market Report covers historical data from 2019 through 2023, with a base year of 2024 for type and application segmentation, and projections through 2025-2035 in many reports. Key segments include cable type (mass-impregnated, extruded, others), application by transmission line type (overhead, underground, submarine), and voltage classes (high voltage between 35-475 kV, extra-high, ultra-high above ±600 kV). Geographic coverage encompasses Asia-Pacific, North America, Europe, Middle East & Africa, Latin America. Metrics include kilometers of HVDC cables in operation: e.g., over 58,000 km of HVDC lines and 20,000 km of submarine HVDC cables in 2023, number of new projects announced (~40+ in 2023 for renewables), and major interconnectors (Viking Link 765 km, North Sea Link 720 km).

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Cables Market Report Coverage

REPORT COVERAGE	DETAILS
Market Size Value In	USD 9491.02 Million in 2026
Market Size Value By	USD 15078.66 Million by 2035
Growth Rate	CAGR of 5.28% from 2026-2035
Forecast Period	2026 - 2035
Base Year	2025
Historical Data Available	Yes
Regional Scope	Global
Segments Covered	By Type : Mass Impregnated Cables Extruded Cables By Application : Submarine Underground Overhead
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