TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Research Methodology and Statistical Scope 1.1 Market Definition and Statistical Scope of Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) 1.2 Key Market Segments 1.2.1 Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Segment by Type 1.2.2 Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Segment by Application 1.3 Methodology & Sources of Information 1.3.1 Research Methodology 1.3.2 Research Process 1.3.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation 1.3.4 Base Year 1.3.5 Report Assumptions & Caveats 2 Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Overview 2.1 Global Market Overview 2.1.1 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size (M USD) Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028) 2.1.2 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028) 2.2 Market Segment Executive Summary 2.3 Global Market Size by Region 3 Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Competitive Landscape 3.1 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales by Manufacturers (2017-2022) 3.2 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022) 3.3 Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) 3.4 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Average Price by Manufacturers (2017-2022) 3.5 Manufacturers Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Sites, Area Served, Product Type 3.6 Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Competitive Situation and Trends 3.6.1 Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Concentration Rate 3.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Players Market Share by Revenue 3.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion 4 Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Industry Chain Analysis 4.1 Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Industry Chain Analysis 4.2 Market Overview and Market Concentration Analysis of Key Raw Materials 4.3 Midstream Market Analysis 4.4 Downstream Customer Analysis 5 The Development and Dynamics of Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market 5.1 Key Development Trends 5.2 Driving Factors 5.3 Market Challenges 5.4 Market Restraints 5.5 Industry News 5.5.1 New Product Developments 5.5.2 Mergers & Acquisitions 5.5.3 Expansions 5.5.4 Collaboration/Supply Contracts 5.6 Industry Policies 6 Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Segmentation by Type 6.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type) 6.2 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022) 6.3 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2022) 6.4 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Price by Type (2017-2022) 7 Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Segmentation by Application 7.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application) 7.2 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Sales by Application (2017-2022) 7.3 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size (M USD) by Application (2017-2022) 7.4 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022) 8 Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Segmentation by Region 8.1 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales by Region 8.1.1 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales by Region 8.1.2 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Market Share by Region 8.2 North America 8.2.1 North America Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales by Country 8.2.2 U.S. 8.2.3 Canada 8.2.4 Mexico 8.3 Europe 8.3.1 Europe Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales by Country 8.3.2 Germany 8.3.3 France 8.3.4 U.K. 8.3.5 Italy 8.3.6 Russia 8.4 Asia Pacific 8.4.1 Asia Pacific Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales by Region 8.4.2 China 8.4.3 Japan 8.4.4 South Korea 8.4.5 India 8.4.6 Southeast Asia 8.5 South America 8.5.1 South America Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales by Country 8.5.2 Brazil 8.5.3 Argentina 8.5.4 Columbia 8.6 Middle East and Africa 8.6.1 Middle East and Africa Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales by Region 8.6.2 Saudi Arabia 8.6.3 UAE 8.6.4 Egypt 8.6.5 Nigeria 8.6.6 South Africa 9 Key Companies Profiled 9.1 Microsemi (Microchip) 9.1.1 Microsemi (Microchip) Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Basic Information 9.1.2 Microsemi (Microchip) Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Product Overview 9.1.3 Microsemi (Microchip) Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Product Market Performance 9.1.4 Microsemi (Microchip) Business Overview 9.1.5 Microsemi (Microchip) Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) SWOT Analysis 9.1.6 Microsemi (Microchip) Recent Developments 9.2 Teledyne 9.2.1 Teledyne Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Basic Information 9.2.2 Teledyne Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Product Overview 9.2.3 Teledyne Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Product Market Performance 9.2.4 Teledyne Business Overview 9.2.5 Teledyne Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) SWOT Analysis 9.2.6 Teledyne Recent Developments 9.3 AccuBeat Ltd 9.3.1 AccuBeat Ltd Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Basic Information 9.3.2 AccuBeat Ltd Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Product Overview 9.3.3 AccuBeat Ltd Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Product Market Performance 9.3.4 AccuBeat Ltd Business Overview 9.3.5 AccuBeat Ltd Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) SWOT Analysis 9.3.6 AccuBeat Ltd Recent Developments 9.4 Chengdu Spaceon Electronics 9.4.1 Chengdu Spaceon Electronics Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Basic Information 9.4.2 Chengdu Spaceon Electronics Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Product Overview 9.4.3 Chengdu Spaceon Electronics Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Product Market Performance 9.4.4 Chengdu Spaceon Electronics Business Overview 9.4.5 Chengdu Spaceon Electronics Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) SWOT Analysis 9.4.6 Chengdu Spaceon Electronics Recent Developments 10 Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Forecast by Region 10.1 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size Forecast 10.2 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Forecast by Region 10.2.1 North America Market Size Forecast by Country 10.2.2 Europe Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size Forecast by Country 10.2.3 Asia Pacific Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size Forecast by Region 10.2.4 South America Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size Forecast by Country 10.2.5 Middle East and Africa Forecasted Consumption of Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) by Country 11 Forecast Market by Type and by Application (2022-2028) 11.1 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Forecast by Type (2022-2028) 11.1.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) by Type (2022-2028) 11.1.2 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size Forecast by Type (2022-2028) 11.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) by Type (2022-2028) 11.2 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Forecast by Application (2022-2028) 11.2.1 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application 11.2.2 Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size (M USD) Forecast by Application (2022-2028) 12 Conclusion and Key Findings

LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Introduction of the Type Table 2. Introduction of the Application Table 3. Market Size (M USD) Segment Executive Summary Table 4. Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size (M USD) Comparison by Region (M USD) Table 5. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales (K Units) by Manufacturers (2017-2022) Table 6. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022) Table 7. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Revenue (M USD) by Manufacturers (2017-2022) Table 8. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022) Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) as of 2021) Table 10. Global Market Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2017-2022) Table 11. Manufacturers Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Sites and Area Served Table 12. Manufacturers Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Product Type Table 13. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans Table 15. Industry Chain Map of Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Table 16. Raw Materials Table 17. Midstream Market Analysis Table 18. Downstream Customer Analysis Table 19. Key Development Trends Table 20. Driving Factors Table 21. Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Challenges Table 22. Market Restraints Table 23. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales by Type (K Units) Table 24. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size by Type (M USD) Table 25. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales (K Units) by Type (2017-2022) Table 26. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022) Table 27. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size (M USD) by Type (2017-2022) Table 28. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size Share by Type (2017-2022) Table 29. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2017-2022) Table 30. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales (K Units) by Application Table 31. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size by Application Table 32. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units) Table 33. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022) Table 34. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (M USD) Table 35. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Share by Application (2017-2022) Table 36. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022) Table 37. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units) Table 38. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022) Table 39. North America Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units) Table 40. Europe Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units) Table 41. Asia Pacific Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units) Table 42. South America Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units) Table 43. Middle East and Africa Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units) Table 44. Microsemi (Microchip) Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Basic Information Table 45. Microsemi (Microchip) Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Product Overview Table 46. Microsemi (Microchip) Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales (K Units), Market Size (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 47. Microsemi (Microchip) Business Overview Table 48. Microsemi (Microchip) Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) SWOT Analysis Table 49. Microsemi (Microchip) Recent Developments Table 50. Teledyne Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Basic Information Table 51. Teledyne Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Product Overview Table 52. Teledyne Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales (K Units), Market Size (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 53. Teledyne Business Overview Table 54. Teledyne Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) SWOT Analysis Table 55. Teledyne Recent Developments Table 56. AccuBeat Ltd Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Basic Information Table 57. AccuBeat Ltd Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Product Overview Table 58. AccuBeat Ltd Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales (K Units), Market Size (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 59. AccuBeat Ltd Business Overview Table 60. AccuBeat Ltd Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) SWOT Analysis Table 61. AccuBeat Ltd Recent Developments Table 62. Chengdu Spaceon Electronics Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Basic Information Table 63. Chengdu Spaceon Electronics Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Product Overview Table 64. Chengdu Spaceon Electronics Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales (K Units), Market Size (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 65. Chengdu Spaceon Electronics Business Overview Table 66. Chengdu Spaceon Electronics Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) SWOT Analysis Table 67. Chengdu Spaceon Electronics Recent Developments Table 68. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Forecast by Region (K Units) Table 69. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size Forecast by Region (M USD) Table 70. North America Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Forecast by Country (2022-2028) & (K Units) Table 71. North America Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size Forecast by Country (2022-2028) & (M USD) Table 72. Europe Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Forecast by Country (2022-2028) & (K Units) Table 73. Europe Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size Forecast by Country (2022-2028) & (M USD) Table 74. Asia Pacific Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Forecast by Region (2022-2028) & (K Units) Table 75. Asia Pacific Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size Forecast by Region (2022-2028) & (M USD) Table 76. South America Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Forecast by Country (2022-2028) & (K Units) Table 77. South America Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size Forecast by Country (2022-2028) & (M USD) Table 78. Middle East and Africa Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2028) & (Units) Table 79. Middle East and Africa Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size Forecast by Country (2022-2028) & (M USD) Table 80. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Forecast by Type (2022-2028) & (K Units) Table 81. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size Forecast by Type (2022-2028) & (M USD) Table 82. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Price Forecast by Type (2022-2028) & (USD/Unit) Table 83. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application (2022-2028) Table 84. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size Forecast by Application (2022-2028) & (M USD) LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Product Picture of Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Figure 2. Data Triangulation Figure 3. Key Caveats Figure 4. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size (M USD), 2017-2028 Figure 5. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size (M USD) (2017-2028) Figure 6. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales (K Units) & (2017-2028) Figure 7. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type) Figure 8. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application) Figure 9. Evaluation Matrix of Regional Market Development Potential Figure 10. Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size (M USD) by Country (M USD) Figure 11. Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2020 Figure 12. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2020 Figure 13. Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2017 VS 2021 Figure 14. Global Market Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers in 2020 Figure 15. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Revenue in 2021 Figure 16. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type) Figure 17. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Share by Type Figure 18. Sales Market Share of Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) by Type (2017-2022) Figure 19. Sales Market Share of Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) by Type in 2021 Figure 20. Market Size Share of Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) by Type (2017-2022) Figure 21. Market Size Market Share of Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) by Type in 2020 Figure 22. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application) Figure 23. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Share by Application Figure 24. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022) Figure 25. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Market Share by Application in 2021 Figure 26. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Share by Application (2017-2022) Figure 27. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Share by Application in 2020 Figure 28. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022) Figure 29. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022) Figure 30. North America Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 31. North America Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Market Share by Country in 2020 Figure 32. U.S. Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 33. Canada Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure 34. Mexico Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure 35. Europe Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 36. Europe Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Market Share by Country in 2020 Figure 37. Germany Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 38. France Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 39. U.K. Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 40. Italy Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 41. Russia Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 42. Asia Pacific Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (K Units) Figure 43. Asia Pacific Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Market Share by Region in 2020 Figure 44. China Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 45. Japan Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 46. South Korea Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 47. India Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 48. Southeast Asia Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 49. South America Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (K Units) Figure 50. South America Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Market Share by Country in 2020 Figure 51. Brazil Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 52. Argentina Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 53. Columbia Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 54. Middle East and Africa Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (K Units) Figure 55. Middle East and Africa Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Market Share by Region in 2020 Figure 56. Saudi Arabia Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 57. UAE Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 58. Egypt Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 59. Nigeria Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 60. South Africa Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units) Figure 61. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Forecast by Volume (2017-2028) & (K Units) Figure 62. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Size Forecast by Value (2017-2028) & (M USD) Figure 63. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2028) Figure 64. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2028) Figure 65. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Sales Forecast by Application (2022-2028) Figure 66. Global Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Market Share Forecast by Application (2022-2028)

Microsemi (Microchip) Teledyne AccuBeat Ltd Chengdu Spaceon Electronics