Table of Content 1 Voice Restoration Devices Market Overview 1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Voice Restoration Devices 1.2 Voice Restoration Devices Segment by Type 1.2.1 Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales and CAGR (%) Comparison by Type (2017-2029) 1.2.2 The Market Profile of Artificial Larnyx (Electrolarynx) 1.2.3 The Market Profile of Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis 1.3 Global Voice Restoration Devices Segment by Application 1.3.1 Voice Restoration Devices Consumption (Sales) Comparison by Application (2017-2029) 1.3.2 The Market Profile of Hospital 1.3.3 The Market Profile of Clinic 1.3.4 The Market Profile of Other 1.4 Global Voice Restoration Devices Market, Region Wise (2017-2022) 1.4.1 Global Voice Restoration Devices Market Size (Revenue) and CAGR (%) Comparison by Region (2017-2022) 1.4.2 United States Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.3 Europe Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.3.1 Germany Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.3.2 UK Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.3.3 France Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.3.4 Italy Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.3.5 Spain Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.3.6 Russia Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.3.7 Poland Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.4 China Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.5 Japan Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.6 India Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.7 Southeast Asia Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.7.1 Malaysia Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.7.2 Singapore Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.7.3 Philippines Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.7.4 Indonesia Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.7.5 Thailand Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.7.6 Vietnam Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.8 Latin America Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.8.1 Brazil Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.8.2 Mexico Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.8.3 Colombia Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.9 Middle East and Africa Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.9.1 Saudi Arabia Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.9.2 United Arab Emirates Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.9.3 Turkey Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.9.4 Egypt Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.9.5 South Africa Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.4.9.6 Nigeria Voice Restoration Devices Market Status and Prospect (2017-2022) 1.5 Global Market Size of Voice Restoration Devices (2017-2029) 1.5.1 Global Voice Restoration Devices Revenue Status and Outlook (2017-2029) 1.5.2 Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales Status and Outlook (2017-2029) 2 Global Voice Restoration Devices Market Landscape by Player 2.1 Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales and Share by Player (2017-2022) 2.2 Global Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Market Share by Player (2017-2022) 2.3 Global Voice Restoration Devices Average Price by Player (2017-2022) 2.4 Global Voice Restoration Devices Gross Margin by Player (2017-2022) 2.5 Voice Restoration Devices Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area and Product Type by Player 2.6 Voice Restoration Devices Market Competitive Situation and Trends 2.6.1 Voice Restoration Devices Market Concentration Rate 2.6.2 Voice Restoration Devices Market Share of Top 3 and Top 6 Players 2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion 3 Voice Restoration Devices Upstream and Downstream Analysis 3.1 Voice Restoration Devices Industrial Chain Analysis 3.2 Key Raw Materials Suppliers and Price Analysis 3.3 Key Raw Materials Supply and Demand Analysis 3.4 Manufacturing Process Analysis 3.5 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials 3.6 Downstream Buyers 3.7 Value Chain Status Under COVID-18 4 Voice Restoration Devices Manufacturing Cost Analysis 4.1 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis 4.2 Voice Restoration Devices Key Raw Materials Cost Analysis 4.2.1 Key Raw Materials Introduction 4.2.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials 4.3 Labor Cost Analysis 4.3.1 Labor Cost of Voice Restoration Devices Under COVID-19 4.4 Energy Costs Analysis 4.5 R&D Costs Analysis 5 Market Dynamics 5.1 Drivers 5.2 Restraints and Challenges 5.3 Opportunities 5.3.1 Advances in Innovation and Technology for Voice Restoration Devices 5.3.2 Increased Demand in Emerging Markets 5.4 Voice Restoration Devices Industry Development Trends under COVID-19 Outbreak 5.4.1 Global COVID-19 Status Overview 5.4.2 Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Voice Restoration Devices Industry Development 5.5 Consumer Behavior Analysis 6 Players Profiles 6.1 Inhealth Technologies 6.1.1 Inhealth Technologies Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 6.1.2 Voice Restoration Devices Product Profiles, Application and Specification 6.1.3 Inhealth Technologies Voice Restoration Devices Market Performance (2017-2022) 6.1.4 Inhealth Technologies Business Overview 6.2 Nu-Vois 6.2.1 Nu-Vois Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 6.2.2 Voice Restoration Devices Product Profiles, Application and Specification 6.2.3 Nu-Vois Voice Restoration Devices Market Performance (2017-2022) 6.2.4 Nu-Vois Business Overview 6.3 Roment Electronic Larynx 6.3.1 Roment Electronic Larynx Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 6.3.2 Voice Restoration Devices Product Profiles, Application and Specification 6.3.3 Roment Electronic Larynx Voice Restoration Devices Market Performance (2017-2022) 6.3.4 Roment Electronic Larynx Business Overview 6.4 Griffin Laboratories 6.4.1 Griffin Laboratories Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 6.4.2 Voice Restoration Devices Product Profiles, Application and Specification 6.4.3 Griffin Laboratories Voice Restoration Devices Market Performance (2017-2022) 6.4.4 Griffin Laboratories Business Overview 6.5 Luminaud 6.5.1 Luminaud Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 6.5.2 Voice Restoration Devices Product Profiles, Application and Specification 6.5.3 Luminaud Voice Restoration Devices Market Performance (2017-2022) 6.5.4 Luminaud Business Overview 6.6 Atos Medical 6.6.1 Atos Medical Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 6.6.2 Voice Restoration Devices Product Profiles, Application and Specification 6.6.3 Atos Medical Voice Restoration Devices Market Performance (2017-2022) 6.6.4 Atos Medical Business Overview 6.7 Ultravoice 6.7.1 Ultravoice Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 6.7.2 Voice Restoration Devices Product Profiles, Application and Specification 6.7.3 Ultravoice Voice Restoration Devices Market Performance (2017-2022) 6.7.4 Ultravoice Business Overview 7 Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales and Revenue Region Wise (2017-2022) 7.1 Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales and Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022) 7.2 Global Voice Restoration Devices Revenue (Revenue) and Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022) 7.3 Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.4 United States Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.4.1 United States Voice Restoration Devices Market Under COVID-19 7.5 Europe Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.5.1 Europe Voice Restoration Devices Market Under COVID-19 7.6 China Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.6.1 China Voice Restoration Devices Market Under COVID-19 7.7 Japan Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.7.1 Japan Voice Restoration Devices Market Under COVID-19 7.8 India Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.8.1 India Voice Restoration Devices Market Under COVID-19 7.9 Southeast Asia Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.9.1 Southeast Asia Voice Restoration Devices Market Under COVID-19 7.10 Latin America Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.10.1 Latin America Voice Restoration Devices Market Under COVID-19 7.11 Middle East and Africa Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.11.1 Middle East and Africa Voice Restoration Devices Market Under COVID-19 8 Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue (Revenue), Price Trend by Type 8.1 Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales and Market Share by Type (2017-2022) 8.2 Global Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2022) 8.3 Global Voice Restoration Devices Price by Type (2017-2022) 8.4 Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales Growth Rate by Type (2017-2022) 8.4.1 Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales Growth Rate of Artificial Larnyx (Electrolarynx) (2017-2022) 8.4.2 Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales Growth Rate of Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis (2017-2022) 9 Global Voice Restoration Devices Market Analysis by Application 9.1 Global Voice Restoration Devices Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022) 9.2 Global Voice Restoration Devices Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022) 9.2.1 Global Voice Restoration Devices Consumption Growth Rate of Hospital (2017-2022) 9.2.2 Global Voice Restoration Devices Consumption Growth Rate of Clinic (2017-2022) 9.2.3 Global Voice Restoration Devices Consumption Growth Rate of Other (2017-2022) 10 Global Voice Restoration Devices Market Forecast (2022-2029) 10.1 Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue Forecast (2022-2029) 10.1.1 Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2029) 10.1.2 Global Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2029) 10.1.3 Global Voice Restoration Devices Price and Trend Forecast (2022-2029) 10.2 Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales and Revenue Forecast, Region Wise (2022-2029) 10.2.1 United States Voice Restoration Devices Sales and Revenue Forecast (2022-2029) 10.2.2 Europe Voice Restoration Devices Sales and Revenue Forecast (2022-2029) 10.2.3 China Voice Restoration Devices Sales and Revenue Forecast (2022-2029) 10.2.4 Japan Voice Restoration Devices Sales and Revenue Forecast (2022-2029) 10.2.5 India Voice Restoration Devices Sales and Revenue Forecast (2022-2029) 10.2.6 Southeast Asia Voice Restoration Devices Sales and Revenue Forecast (2022-2029) 10.2.7 Latin America Voice Restoration Devices Sales and Revenue Forecast (2022-2029) 10.2.8 Middle East and Africa Voice Restoration Devices Sales and Revenue Forecast (2022-2029) 10.3 Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2022-2029) 10.4 Global Voice Restoration Devices Consumption Forecast by Application (2022-2029) 10.5 Voice Restoration Devices Market Forecast Under COVID-19 11 Research Findings and Conclusion 12 Appendix 12.1 Methodology 12.2 Research Data Source

List of Tables and Figures Figure Voice Restoration Devices Product Picture Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales and CAGR (%) Comparison by Type Table Profile of Artificial Larnyx (Electrolarynx) Table Profile of Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis Table Voice Restoration Devices Consumption (Sales) Comparison by Application (2017-2029) Table Profile of Hospital Table Profile of Clinic Table Profile of Other Figure Global Voice Restoration Devices Market Size (Revenue) and CAGR (%) (2017-2022) Figure United States Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Europe Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Germany Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure UK Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure France Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Italy Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Spain Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Russia Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Poland Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure China Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Japan Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure India Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Southeast Asia Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Malaysia Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Singapore Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Philippines Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Indonesia Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Thailand Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Vietnam Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Latin America Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Brazil Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Mexico Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Colombia Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Middle East and Africa Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Saudi Arabia Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure United Arab Emirates Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Turkey Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Egypt Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure South Africa Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Nigeria Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales Status and Outlook (2017-2029) Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales by Player (2017-2022) Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales Share by Player (2017-2022) Figure Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales Share by Player in 2021 Table Voice Restoration Devices Revenue by Player (2017-2022) Table Voice Restoration Devices Revenue Market Share by Player (2017-2022) Table Voice Restoration Devices Price by Player (2017-2022) Table Voice Restoration Devices Gross Margin by Player (2017-2022) Table Voice Restoration Devices Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area by Player Table Voice Restoration Devices Product Type by Player Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans Figure Voice Restoration Devices Industrial Chain Analysis Table Key Raw Materials Suppliers and Price Analysis Figure Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials Table Downstream Buyers Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis Table Key Raw Materials Introduction of Voice Restoration Devices Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials Figure Global COVID-19 Status Overview Table Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Voice Restoration Devices Industry Development Table Inhealth Technologies Profile Table Voice Restoration Devices Product Profiles, Application and Specification Table Inhealth Technologies Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Figure Inhealth Technologies Revenue and Growth Rate Figure Inhealth Technologies Revenue Market Share 2017-2022 Table Nu-Vois Profile Table Voice Restoration Devices Product Profiles, Application and Specification Table Nu-Vois Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Figure Nu-Vois Revenue and Growth Rate Figure Nu-Vois Revenue Market Share 2017-2022 Table Roment Electronic Larynx Profile Table Voice Restoration Devices Product Profiles, Application and Specification Table Roment Electronic Larynx Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Figure Roment Electronic Larynx Revenue and Growth Rate Figure Roment Electronic Larynx Revenue Market Share 2017-2022 Table Griffin Laboratories Profile Table Voice Restoration Devices Product Profiles, Application and Specification Table Griffin Laboratories Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Figure Griffin Laboratories Revenue and Growth Rate Figure Griffin Laboratories Revenue Market Share 2017-2022 Table Luminaud Profile Table Voice Restoration Devices Product Profiles, Application and Specification Table Luminaud Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Figure Luminaud Revenue and Growth Rate Figure Luminaud Revenue Market Share 2017-2022 Table Atos Medical Profile Table Voice Restoration Devices Product Profiles, Application and Specification Table Atos Medical Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Figure Atos Medical Revenue and Growth Rate Figure Atos Medical Revenue Market Share 2017-2022 Table Ultravoice Profile Table Voice Restoration Devices Product Profiles, Application and Specification Table Ultravoice Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Figure Ultravoice Revenue and Growth Rate Figure Ultravoice Revenue Market Share 2017-2022 Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Region Wise (2017-2022) Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022) Figure Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022) Figure Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales Market Share, Region Wise in 2021 Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Revenue, Region Wise (2017-2022) Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Revenue Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022) Figure Global Voice Restoration Devices Revenue Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022) Figure Global Voice Restoration Devices Revenue Market Share, Region Wise in 2021 Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table United States Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table Europe Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table China Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table Japan Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table India Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table Southeast Asia Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table Latin America Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table Middle East and Africa Voice Restoration Devices Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales by Type (2017-2022) Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022) Figure Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales Market Share by Type in 2022 Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Revenue by Type (2017-2022) Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022) Figure Global Voice Restoration Devices Revenue Market Share by Type in 2022 Table Voice Restoration Devices Price by Type (2017-2022) Figure Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales Growth Rate of Artificial Larnyx (Electrolarynx) (2017-2022) Figure Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales Growth Rate of Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis (2017-2022) Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Consumption by Application (2017-2022) Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022) Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Consumption of Hospital (2017-2022) Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Consumption of Clinic (2017-2022) Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Consumption of Other (2017-2022) Figure Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2029) Figure Global Voice Restoration Devices Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2029) Figure Global Voice Restoration Devices Price and Trend Forecast (2022-2029) Figure USA Voice Restoration Devices Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure USA Voice Restoration Devices Market Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure Europe Voice Restoration Devices Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure Europe Voice Restoration Devices Market Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure China Voice Restoration Devices Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure China Voice Restoration Devices Market Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure Japan Voice Restoration Devices Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure Japan Voice Restoration Devices Market Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure India Voice Restoration Devices Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure India Voice Restoration Devices Market Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure Southeast Asia Voice Restoration Devices Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure Southeast Asia Voice Restoration Devices Market Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure Latin America Voice Restoration Devices Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure Latin America Voice Restoration Devices Market Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure Middle East and Africa Voice Restoration Devices Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Figure Middle East and Africa Voice Restoration Devices Market Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2029) Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Market Sales Forecast, by Type Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Sales Volume Market Share Forecast, by Type Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Market Revenue Forecast, by Type Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Revenue Market Share Forecast, by Type Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Price Forecast, by Type Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Market Consumption Forecast, by Application Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Consumption Volume Market Share Forecast, by Application Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Market Revenue Forecast, by Application Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Revenue Market Share Forecast, by Application Table Global Voice Restoration Devices Price Forecast, by Application