1 Report Overview 1.1 Study Scope 1.2 Market Analysis by Type 1.2.1 Global E-pharmacy Market Size Growth Rate by Type: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 1.2.2 Over-the-counter drugs 1.2.3 Prescription drugs 1.3 Market by Application 1.3.1 Global E-pharmacy Market Share by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 1.3.2 Hospital 1.3.3 Clinic 1.4 Study Objectives 1.5 Years Considered 2 Global Growth Trends 2.1 Global E-pharmacy Market Perspective (2016-2027) 2.2 E-pharmacy Growth Trends by Regions 2.2.1 E-pharmacy Market Size by Regions: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 2.2.2 E-pharmacy Historic Market Share by Regions (2016-2021) 2.2.3 E-pharmacy Forecasted Market Size by Regions (2022-2027) 2.3 E-pharmacy Industry Dynamic 2.3.1 E-pharmacy Market Trends 2.3.2 E-pharmacy Market Drivers 2.3.3 E-pharmacy Market Challenges 2.3.4 E-pharmacy Market Restraints 3 Competition Landscape by Key Players 3.1 Global Top E-pharmacy Players by Revenue 3.1.1 Global Top E-pharmacy Players by Revenue (2016-2021) 3.1.2 Global E-pharmacy Revenue Market Share by Players (2016-2021) 3.2 Global E-pharmacy Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) 3.3 Players Covered: Ranking by E-pharmacy Revenue 3.4 Global E-pharmacy Market Concentration Ratio 3.4.1 Global E-pharmacy Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) 3.4.2 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by E-pharmacy Revenue in 2020 3.5 E-pharmacy Key Players Head office and Area Served 3.6 Key Players E-pharmacy Product Solution and Service 3.7 Date of Enter into E-pharmacy Market 3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans 4 E-pharmacy Breakdown Data by Type 4.1 Global E-pharmacy Historic Market Size by Type (2016-2021) 4.2 Global E-pharmacy Forecasted Market Size by Type (2022-2027) 5 E-pharmacy Breakdown Data by Application 5.1 Global E-pharmacy Historic Market Size by Application (2016-2021) 5.2 Global E-pharmacy Forecasted Market Size by Application (2022-2027) 6 North America 6.1 North America E-pharmacy Market Size (2016-2027) 6.2 North America E-pharmacy Market Size by Type 6.2.1 North America E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2016-2021) 6.2.2 North America E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2022-2027) 6.2.3 North America E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2016-2027) 6.3 North America E-pharmacy Market Size by Application 6.3.1 North America E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2016-2021) 6.3.2 North America E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2022-2027) 6.3.3 North America E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2016-2027) 6.4 North America E-pharmacy Market Size by Country 6.4.1 North America E-pharmacy Market Size by Country (2016-2021) 6.4.2 North America E-pharmacy Market Size by Country (2022-2027) 6.4.3 United States 6.4.4 Canada 7 Europe 7.1 Europe E-pharmacy Market Size (2016-2027) 7.2 Europe E-pharmacy Market Size by Type 7.2.1 Europe E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2016-2021) 7.2.2 Europe E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2022-2027) 7.2.3 Europe E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2016-2027) 7.3 Europe E-pharmacy Market Size by Application 7.3.1 Europe E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2016-2021) 7.3.2 Europe E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2022-2027) 7.3.3 Europe E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2016-2027) 7.4 Europe E-pharmacy Market Size by Country 7.4.1 Europe E-pharmacy Market Size by Country (2016-2021) 7.4.2 Europe E-pharmacy Market Size by Country (2022-2027) 7.4.3 Germany 7.4.4 France 7.4.5 U.K. 7.4.6 Italy 7.4.7 Russia 7.4.8 Nordic 8 Asia-Pacific 8.1 Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Size (2016-2027) 8.2 Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Size by Type 8.2.1 Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2016-2021) 8.2.2 Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2022-2027) 8.2.3 Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2016-2027) 8.3 Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Size by Application 8.3.1 Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2016-2021) 8.3.2 Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2022-2027) 8.3.3 Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2016-2027) 8.4 Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Size by Region 8.4.1 Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Size by Region (2016-2021) 8.4.2 Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Size by Region (2022-2027) 8.4.3 China 8.4.4 Japan 8.4.5 South Korea 8.4.6 Southeast Asia 8.4.7 India 8.4.8 Australia 9 Latin America 9.1 Latin America E-pharmacy Market Size (2016-2027) 9.2 Latin America E-pharmacy Market Size by Type 9.2.1 Latin America E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2016-2021) 9.2.2 Latin America E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2022-2027) 9.2.3 Latin America E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2016-2027) 9.3 Latin America E-pharmacy Market Size by Application 9.3.1 Latin America E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2016-2021) 9.3.2 Latin America E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2022-2027) 9.3.3 Latin America E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2016-2027) 9.4 Latin America E-pharmacy Market Size by Country 9.4.1 Latin America E-pharmacy Market Size by Country (2016-2021) 9.4.2 Latin America E-pharmacy Market Size by Country (2022-2027) 9.4.3 Mexico 9.4.4 Brazil 10 Middle East & Africa 10.1 Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Size (2016-2027) 10.2 Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Size by Type 10.2.1 Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2016-2021) 10.2.2 Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2022-2027) 10.2.3 Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2016-2027) 10.3 Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Size by Application 10.3.1 Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2016-2021) 10.3.2 Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2022-2027) 10.3.3 Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2016-2027) 10.4 Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Size by Country 10.4.1 Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Size by Country (2016-2021) 10.4.2 Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Size by Country (2022-2027) 10.4.3 Turkey 10.4.4 Saudi Arabia 10.4.5 UAE 11 Key Players Profiles 11.1 The Kroger Co. 11.1.1 The Kroger Co. Company Details 11.1.2 The Kroger Co. Business Overview 11.1.3 The Kroger Co. E-pharmacy Introduction 11.1.4 The Kroger Co. Revenue in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) 11.1.5 The Kroger Co. Recent Development 11.2 Walgreen Co. 11.2.1 Walgreen Co. Company Details 11.2.2 Walgreen Co. Business Overview 11.2.3 Walgreen Co. E-pharmacy Introduction 11.2.4 Walgreen Co. Revenue in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) 11.2.5 Walgreen Co. Recent Development 11.3 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 11.3.1 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Company Details 11.3.2 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Business Overview 11.3.3 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. E-pharmacy Introduction 11.3.4 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Revenue in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) 11.3.5 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Recent Development 11.4 CVS Health 11.4.1 CVS Health Company Details 11.4.2 CVS Health Business Overview 11.4.3 CVS Health E-pharmacy Introduction 11.4.4 CVS Health Revenue in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) 11.4.5 CVS Health Recent Development 11.5 Express Scripts Holding Company 11.5.1 Express Scripts Holding Company Company Details 11.5.2 Express Scripts Holding Company Business Overview 11.5.3 Express Scripts Holding Company E-pharmacy Introduction 11.5.4 Express Scripts Holding Company Revenue in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) 11.5.5 Express Scripts Holding Company Recent Development 11.6 Giant Eagle, Inc. 11.6.1 Giant Eagle, Inc. Company Details 11.6.2 Giant Eagle, Inc. Business Overview 11.6.3 Giant Eagle, Inc. E-pharmacy Introduction 11.6.4 Giant Eagle, Inc. Revenue in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) 11.6.5 Giant Eagle, Inc. Recent Development 11.7 DocMorris (Zur Rose Group AG) 11.7.1 DocMorris (Zur Rose Group AG) Company Details 11.7.2 DocMorris (Zur Rose Group AG) Business Overview 11.7.3 DocMorris (Zur Rose Group AG) E-pharmacy Introduction 11.7.4 DocMorris (Zur Rose Group AG) Revenue in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) 11.7.5 DocMorris (Zur Rose Group AG) Recent Development 11.8 Rowlands Pharmacy 11.8.1 Rowlands Pharmacy Company Details 11.8.2 Rowlands Pharmacy Business Overview 11.8.3 Rowlands Pharmacy E-pharmacy Introduction 11.8.4 Rowlands Pharmacy Revenue in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) 11.8.5 Rowlands Pharmacy Recent Development 11.9 OptumRx, Inc. 11.9.1 OptumRx, Inc. Company Details 11.9.2 OptumRx, Inc. Business Overview 11.9.3 OptumRx, Inc. E-pharmacy Introduction 11.9.4 OptumRx, Inc. Revenue in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) 11.9.5 OptumRx, Inc. Recent Development 12 Analyst's Viewpoints/Conclusions 13 Appendix 13.1 Research Methodology 13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach 13.1.2 Data Source 13.2 Disclaimer 13.3 Author Details

List of Tables Table 1. Global E-pharmacy Market Size Growth Rate by Type (US$ Million):2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 Table 2. Key Players of Over-the-counter drugs Table 3. Key Players of Prescription drugs Table 4. Global E-pharmacy Market Size Growth by Application (US$ Million): 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 Table 5. Global E-pharmacy Market Size by Regions (US$ Million): 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 Table 6. Global E-pharmacy Market Size by Regions (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 7. Global E-pharmacy Market Share by Regions (2016-2021) Table 8. Global E-pharmacy Forecasted Market Size by Regions (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 9. Global E-pharmacy Market Share by Regions (2022-2027) Table 10. E-pharmacy Market Trends Table 11. E-pharmacy Market Drivers Table 12. E-pharmacy Market Challenges Table 13. E-pharmacy Market Restraints Table 14. Global E-pharmacy Revenue by Players (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 15. Global E-pharmacy Market Share by Players (2016-2021) Table 16. Global Top E-pharmacy Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) (based on the Revenue in E-pharmacy as of 2020) Table 17. Ranking of Global Top E-pharmacy Companies by Revenue (US$ Million) in 2020 Table 18. Global 5 Largest Players Market Share by E-pharmacy Revenue (CR5 and HHI) & (2016-2021) Table 19. Key Players Headquarters and Area Served Table 20. Key Players E-pharmacy Product Solution and Service Table 21. Date of Enter into E-pharmacy Market Table 22. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans Table 23. Global E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2016-2021) (US$ Million) Table 24. Global E-pharmacy Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021) Table 25. Global E-pharmacy Forecasted Market Size by Type (2022-2027) (US$ Million) Table 26. Global E-pharmacy Revenue Market Share by Type (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 27. Global E-pharmacy Market Size Share by Application (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 28. Global E-pharmacy Revenue Market Share by Application (2016-2021) Table 29. Global E-pharmacy Forecasted Market Size by Application (2022-2027) (US$ Million) Table 30. Global E-pharmacy Revenue Market Share by Application (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 31. North America E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2016-2021) (US$ Million) Table 32. North America E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 33. North America E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2016-2021) (US$ Million) Table 34. North America E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 35. North America E-pharmacy Market Size by Country (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 36. North America E-pharmacy Market Size by Country (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 37. Europe E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2016-2021) (US$ Million) Table 38. Europe E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 39. Europe E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2016-2021) (US$ Million) Table 40. Europe E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 41. Europe E-pharmacy Market Size by Country (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 42. Europe E-pharmacy Market Size by Country (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 43. Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2016-2021) (US$ Million) Table 44. Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 45. Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2016-2021) (US$ Million) Table 46. Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 47. Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Size by Region (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 48. Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Size by Region (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 49. Latin America E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2016-2021) (US$ Million) Table 50. Latin America E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 51. Latin America E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2016-2021) (US$ Million) Table 52. Latin America E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 53. Latin America E-pharmacy Market Size by Country (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 54. Latin America E-pharmacy Market Size by Country (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 55. Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2016-2021) (US$ Million) Table 56. Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Size by Type (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 57. Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2016-2021) (US$ Million) Table 58. Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Size by Application (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 59. Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Size by Country (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 60. Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Size by Country (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 61. The Kroger Co. Company Details Table 62. The Kroger Co. Business Overview Table 63. The Kroger Co. E-pharmacy Product Table 64. The Kroger Co. Revenue in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 65. The Kroger Co. Recent Development Table 66. Walgreen Co. Company Details Table 67. Walgreen Co. Business Overview Table 68. Walgreen Co. E-pharmacy Product Table 69. Walgreen Co. Revenue in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 70. Walgreen Co. Recent Development Table 71. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Company Details Table 72. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Business Overview Table 73. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. E-pharmacy Product Table 74. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Revenue in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 75. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Recent Development Table 76. CVS Health Company Details Table 77. CVS Health Business Overview Table 78. CVS Health E-pharmacy Product Table 79. CVS Health Revenue in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 80. CVS Health Recent Development Table 81. Express Scripts Holding Company Company Details Table 82. Express Scripts Holding Company Business Overview Table 83. Express Scripts Holding Company E-pharmacy Product Table 84. Express Scripts Holding Company Revenue in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 85. Express Scripts Holding Company Recent Development Table 86. Giant Eagle, Inc. Company Details Table 87. Giant Eagle, Inc. Business Overview Table 88. Giant Eagle, Inc. E-pharmacy Product Table 89. Giant Eagle, Inc. Revenue in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 90. Giant Eagle, Inc. Recent Development Table 91. DocMorris (Zur Rose Group AG) Company Details Table 92. DocMorris (Zur Rose Group AG) Business Overview Table 93. DocMorris (Zur Rose Group AG) E-pharmacy Product Table 94. DocMorris (Zur Rose Group AG) Revenue in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 95. DocMorris (Zur Rose Group AG) Recent Development Table 96. Rowlands Pharmacy Company Details Table 97. Rowlands Pharmacy Business Overview Table 98. Rowlands Pharmacy Revenue in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 99. Rowlands Pharmacy Recent Development Table 100. OptumRx, Inc. Company Details Table 101. OptumRx, Inc. Business Overview Table 102. OptumRx, Inc. E-pharmacy Product Table 103. OptumRx, Inc. Revenue in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 104. OptumRx, Inc. Recent Development Table 105. Research Programs/Design for This Report Table 106. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources Table 107. Key Data Information from Primary Sources List of Figures Figure 1. Global E-pharmacy Market Share by Type: 2020 VS 2027 Figure 2. Over-the-counter drugs Features Figure 3. Prescription drugs Features Figure 4. Global E-pharmacy Market Share by Application: 2020 VS 2027 Figure 5. Hospital Case Studies Figure 6. Clinic Case Studies Figure 7. E-pharmacy Report Years Considered Figure 8. Global E-pharmacy Market Size (US$ Million), Year-over-Year: 2016-2027 Figure 9. Global E-pharmacy Market Size (US$ Million), 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 Figure 10. Global E-pharmacy Market Share by Regions: 2020 VS 2027 Figure 11. Global E-pharmacy Market Share by Regions (2022-2027) Figure 12. Global E-pharmacy Market Share by Players in 2020 Figure 13. Global Top E-pharmacy Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) (based on the Revenue in E-pharmacy as of 2020 Figure 14. The Top 10 and 5 Players Market Share by E-pharmacy Revenue in 2020 Figure 15. Global E-pharmacy Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021) Figure 16. Global E-pharmacy Revenue Market Share by Type (2022-2027) Figure 17. North America E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 18. North America E-pharmacy Market Share by Type (2016-2027) Figure 19. North America E-pharmacy Market Share by Application (2016-2027) Figure 20. North America E-pharmacy Market Share by Country (2016-2027) Figure 21. United States E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 22. Canada E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 23. Europe E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 24. Europe E-pharmacy Market Share by Type (2016-2027) Figure 25. Europe E-pharmacy Market Share by Application (2016-2027) Figure 26. Europe E-pharmacy Market Share by Country (2016-2027) Figure 27. Germany E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 28. France E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 29. U.K. E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 30. Italy E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 31. Russia E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 32. Nordic E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 33. Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 34. Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Share by Type (2016-2027) Figure 35. Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Share by Application (2016-2027) Figure 36. Asia-Pacific E-pharmacy Market Share by Region (2016-2027) Figure 37. China E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 38. Japan E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 39. South Korea E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 40. Southeast Asia E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 41. India E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 42. Australia E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 43. Latin America E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 44. Latin America E-pharmacy Market Share by Type (2016-2027) Figure 45. Latin America E-pharmacy Market Share by Application (2016-2027) Figure 46. Latin America E-pharmacy Market Share by Country (2016-2027) Figure 47. Mexico E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 48. Brazil E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 49. Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 50. Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Share by Type (2016-2027) Figure 51. Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Share by Application (2016-2027) Figure 52. Middle East & Africa E-pharmacy Market Share by Country (2016-2027) Figure 53. Turkey E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 54. Saudi Arabia E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 55. UAE E-pharmacy Market Size YoY Growth (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 56. The Kroger Co. Revenue Growth Rate in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) Figure 57. Walgreen Co. Revenue Growth Rate in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) Figure 58. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Revenue Growth Rate in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) Figure 59. CVS Health Revenue Growth Rate in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) Figure 60. Express Scripts Holding Company Revenue Growth Rate in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) Figure 61. Giant Eagle, Inc. Revenue Growth Rate in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) Figure 62. DocMorris (Zur Rose Group AG) Revenue Growth Rate in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) Figure 63. Rowlands Pharmacy Revenue Growth Rate in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) Figure 64. OptumRx, Inc. Revenue Growth Rate in E-pharmacy Business (2016-2021) Figure 65. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report Figure 66. Data Triangulation Figure 67. Key Executives Interviewed

The Kroger Co. Walgreen Co. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. CVS Health Express Scripts Holding Company Giant Eagle, Inc. DocMorris (Zur Rose Group AG) Rowlands Pharmacy OptumRx, Inc.