1 Market Overview of Mobile Testing 1.1 Mobile Testing Market Overview 1.1.1 Mobile Testing Product Scope 1.1.2 Mobile Testing Market Status and Outlook 1.2 Global Mobile Testing Market Size Overview by Region 2016 VS 2021VS 2027 1.3 Global Mobile Testing Market Size by Region (2016-2027) 1.4 Global Mobile Testing Historic Market Size by Region (2016-2021) 1.5 Global Mobile Testing Market Size Forecast by Region (2022-2027) 1.6 Key Regions, Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) 1.6.1 North America Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) 1.6.2 Europe Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) 1.6.3 Asia-Pacific Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) 1.6.4 Latin America Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) 1.6.5 Middle East & Africa Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) 2 Mobile Testing Market Overview by Type 2.1 Global Mobile Testing Market Size by Type: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 2.2 Global Mobile Testing Historic Market Size by Type (2016-2021) 2.3 Global Mobile Testing Forecasted Market Size by Type (2022-2027) 2.4 Manual 2.5 Automation 3 Mobile Testing Market Overview by Application 3.1 Global Mobile Testing Market Size by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 3.2 Global Mobile Testing Historic Market Size by Application (2016-2021) 3.3 Global Mobile Testing Forecasted Market Size by Application (2022-2027) 3.4 BFSI 3.5 Telecom 3.6 IT 3.7 Retail 3.8 Media 3.9 Others 4 Mobile Testing Competition Analysis by Players 4.1 Global Mobile Testing Market Size by Players (2016-2021) 4.2 Global Top Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Mobile Testing as of 2020) 4.3 Date of Key Players Enter into Mobile Testing Market 4.4 Global Top Players Mobile Testing Headquarters and Area Served 4.5 Key Players Mobile Testing Product Solution and Service 4.6 Competitive Status 4.6.1 Mobile Testing Market Concentration Rate 4.6.2 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans 5 Company (Top Players) Profiles and Key Data 5.1 IBM 5.1.1 IBM Profile 5.1.2 IBM Main Business 5.1.3 IBM Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.1.4 IBM Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.1.5 IBM Recent Developments 5.2 Accenture 5.2.1 Accenture Profile 5.2.2 Accenture Main Business 5.2.3 Accenture Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.2.4 Accenture Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.2.5 Accenture Recent Developments 5.3 Wipro 5.3.1 Wipro Profile 5.3.2 Wipro Main Business 5.3.3 Wipro Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.3.4 Wipro Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.3.5 Capgemini Recent Developments 5.4 Capgemini 5.4.1 Capgemini Profile 5.4.2 Capgemini Main Business 5.4.3 Capgemini Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.4.4 Capgemini Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.4.5 Capgemini Recent Developments 5.5 Cognizant 5.5.1 Cognizant Profile 5.5.2 Cognizant Main Business 5.5.3 Cognizant Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.5.4 Cognizant Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.5.5 Cognizant Recent Developments 5.6 Infosys 5.6.1 Infosys Profile 5.6.2 Infosys Main Business 5.6.3 Infosys Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.6.4 Infosys Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.6.5 Infosys Recent Developments 5.7 NTT Data 5.7.1 NTT Data Profile 5.7.2 NTT Data Main Business 5.7.3 NTT Data Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.7.4 NTT Data Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.7.5 NTT Data Recent Developments 5.8 QualiTest 5.8.1 QualiTest Profile 5.8.2 QualiTest Main Business 5.8.3 QualiTest Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.8.4 QualiTest Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.8.5 QualiTest Recent Developments 5.9 Cigniti 5.9.1 Cigniti Profile 5.9.2 Cigniti Main Business 5.9.3 Cigniti Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.9.4 Cigniti Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.9.5 Cigniti Recent Developments 5.10 ITechArt 5.10.1 ITechArt Profile 5.10.2 ITechArt Main Business 5.10.3 ITechArt Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.10.4 ITechArt Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.10.5 ITechArt Recent Developments 5.11 Micro Focus 5.11.1 Micro Focus Profile 5.11.2 Micro Focus Main Business 5.11.3 Micro Focus Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.11.4 Micro Focus Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.11.5 Micro Focus Recent Developments 5.12 QA InfoTech 5.12.1 QA InfoTech Profile 5.12.2 QA InfoTech Main Business 5.12.3 QA InfoTech Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.12.4 QA InfoTech Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.12.5 QA InfoTech Recent Developments 5.13 Perfecto 5.13.1 Perfecto Profile 5.13.2 Perfecto Main Business 5.13.3 Perfecto Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.13.4 Perfecto Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.13.5 Perfecto Recent Developments 5.14 TestFort QA Lab 5.14.1 TestFort QA Lab Profile 5.14.2 TestFort QA Lab Main Business 5.14.3 TestFort QA Lab Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.14.4 TestFort QA Lab Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.14.5 TestFort QA Lab Recent Developments 5.15 RTTS 5.15.1 RTTS Profile 5.15.2 RTTS Main Business 5.15.3 RTTS Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.15.4 RTTS Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.15.5 RTTS Recent Developments 5.16 ScienceSoft 5.16.1 ScienceSoft Profile 5.16.2 ScienceSoft Main Business 5.16.3 ScienceSoft Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.16.4 ScienceSoft Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.16.5 ScienceSoft Recent Developments 5.17 Infuse 5.17.1 Infuse Profile 5.17.2 Infuse Main Business 5.17.3 Infuse Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.17.4 Infuse Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.17.5 Infuse Recent Developments 5.18 Test Triangle 5.18.1 Test Triangle Profile 5.18.2 Test Triangle Main Business 5.18.3 Test Triangle Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.18.4 Test Triangle Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.18.5 Test Triangle Recent Developments 5.19 Testlio 5.19.1 Testlio Profile 5.19.2 Testlio Main Business 5.19.3 Testlio Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.19.4 Testlio Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.19.5 Testlio Recent Developments 5.20 AWS 5.20.1 AWS Profile 5.20.2 AWS Main Business 5.20.3 AWS Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.20.4 AWS Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.20.5 AWS Recent Developments 5.21 Experitest 5.21.1 Experitest Profile 5.21.2 Experitest Main Business 5.21.3 Experitest Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.21.4 Experitest Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.21.5 Experitest Recent Developments 5.22 Kobiton 5.22.1 Kobiton Profile 5.22.2 Kobiton Main Business 5.22.3 Kobiton Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions 5.22.4 Kobiton Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.22.5 Kobiton Recent Developments 6 North America 6.1 North America Mobile Testing Market Size by Country (2016-2027) 6.2 United States 6.3 Canada 7 Europe 7.1 Europe Mobile Testing Market Size by Country (2016-2027) 7.2 Germany 7.3 France 7.4 U.K. 7.5 Italy 7.6 Russia 7.7 Nordic 7.8 Rest of Europe 8 Asia-Pacific 8.1 Asia-Pacific Mobile Testing Market Size by Region (2016-2027) 8.2 China 8.3 Japan 8.4 South Korea 8.5 Southeast Asia 8.6 India 8.7 Australia 8.8 Rest of Asia-Pacific 9 Latin America 9.1 Latin America Mobile Testing Market Size by Country (2016-2027) 9.2 Mexico 9.3 Brazil 9.4 Rest of Latin America 10 Middle East & Africa 10.1 Middle East & Africa Mobile Testing Market Size by Country (2016-2027) 10.2 Turkey 10.3 Saudi Arabia 10.4 UAE 10.5 Rest of Middle East & Africa 11 Mobile Testing Market Dynamics 11.1 Mobile Testing Industry Trends 11.2 Mobile Testing Market Drivers 11.3 Mobile Testing Market Challenges 11.4 Mobile Testing Market Restraints 12 Research Finding /Conclusion 13 Methodology and Data Source 13.1 Methodology/Research Approach 13.1.1 Research Programs/Design 13.1.2 Market Size Estimation 13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation 13.2 Data Source 13.2.1 Secondary Sources 13.2.2 Primary Sources 13.3 Disclaimer 13.4 Author List

List of Tables Table 1. Global Market Mobile Testing Market Size (US$ Million) Comparison by Region 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 Table 2. Global Mobile Testing Market Size by Region (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 3. Global Mobile Testing Market Size Share by Region (2016-2021) Table 4. Global Mobile Testing Forecasted Market Size by Region (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 5. Global Mobile Testing Forecasted Market Size Share by Region (2022-2027) Table 6. Global Mobile Testing Market Size (US$ Million) by Type: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 Table 7. Global Mobile Testing Market Size by Type (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 8. Global Mobile Testing Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021) Table 9. Global Mobile Testing Forecasted Market Size by Type (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 10. Global Mobile Testing Revenue Market Share by Type (2022-2027) Table 11. Global Mobile Testing Market Size (US$ Million) by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 Table 12. Global Mobile Testing Market Size by Application (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 13. Global Mobile Testing Revenue Market Share by Application (2016-2021) Table 14. Global Mobile Testing Forecasted Market Size by Application (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 15. Global Mobile Testing Revenue Market Share by Application (2022-2027) Table 16. Global Mobile Testing Revenue (US$ Million) by Players (2016-2021) Table 17. Global Mobile Testing Revenue Market Share by Players (2016-2021) Table 18. Global Top Manufacturers Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Mobile Testing as of 2020) Table 19. Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Mobile Testing Market Table 20. Global Mobile Testing Top Players Headquarters and Area Served Table 21. Mobile Testing Product Solution and Service Table 22. Global Mobile Testing Players Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) Table 23. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans Table 24. IBM Basic Information List Table 25. IBM Description and Business Overview Table 26. IBM Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 27. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of IBM (2016-2021) Table 28. IBM Recent Developments Table 29. Accenture Basic Information List Table 30. Accenture Description and Business Overview Table 31. Accenture Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 32. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of Accenture (2016-2021) Table 33. Accenture Recent Developments Table 34. Wipro Basic Information List Table 35. Wipro Description and Business Overview Table 36. Wipro Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 37. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of Wipro (2016-2021) Table 38. Wipro Recent Developments Table 39. Capgemini Basic Information List Table 40. Capgemini Description and Business Overview Table 41. Capgemini Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 42. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of Capgemini (2016-2021) Table 43. Capgemini Recent Developments Table 44. Cognizant Basic Information List Table 45. Cognizant Description and Business Overview Table 46. Cognizant Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 47. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of Cognizant (2016-2021) Table 48. Cognizant Recent Developments Table 49. Infosys Basic Information List Table 50. Infosys Description and Business Overview Table 51. Infosys Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 52. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of Infosys (2016-2021) Table 53. Infosys Recent Developments Table 54. NTT Data Basic Information List Table 55. NTT Data Description and Business Overview Table 56. NTT Data Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 57. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of NTT Data (2016-2021) Table 58. NTT Data Recent Developments Table 59. QualiTest Basic Information List Table 60. QualiTest Description and Business Overview Table 61. QualiTest Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 62. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of QualiTest (2016-2021) Table 63. QualiTest Recent Developments Table 64. Cigniti Basic Information List Table 65. Cigniti Description and Business Overview Table 66. Cigniti Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 67. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of Cigniti (2016-2021) Table 68. Cigniti Recent Developments Table 69. ITechArt Basic Information List Table 70. ITechArt Description and Business Overview Table 71. ITechArt Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 72. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of ITechArt (2016-2021) Table 73. ITechArt Recent Developments Table 74. Micro Focus Basic Information List Table 75. Micro Focus Description and Business Overview Table 76. Micro Focus Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 77. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of Micro Focus (2016-2021) Table 78. Micro Focus Recent Developments Table 79. QA InfoTech Basic Information List Table 80. QA InfoTech Description and Business Overview Table 81. QA InfoTech Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 82. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of QA InfoTech (2016-2021) Table 83. QA InfoTech Recent Developments Table 84. Perfecto Basic Information List Table 85. Perfecto Description and Business Overview Table 86. Perfecto Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 87. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of Perfecto (2016-2021) Table 88. Perfecto Recent Developments Table 89. TestFort QA Lab Basic Information List Table 90. TestFort QA Lab Description and Business Overview Table 91. TestFort QA Lab Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 92. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of TestFort QA Lab (2016-2021) Table 93. TestFort QA Lab Recent Developments Table 94. RTTS Basic Information List Table 95. RTTS Description and Business Overview Table 96. RTTS Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 97. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of RTTS (2016-2021) Table 98. RTTS Recent Developments Table 99. ScienceSoft Basic Information List Table 100. ScienceSoft Description and Business Overview Table 101. ScienceSoft Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 102. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of ScienceSoft (2016-2021) Table 103. ScienceSoft Recent Developments Table 104. Infuse Basic Information List Table 105. Infuse Description and Business Overview Table 106. Infuse Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 107. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of Infuse (2016-2021) Table 108. Infuse Recent Developments Table 109. Test Triangle Basic Information List Table 110. Test Triangle Description and Business Overview Table 111. Test Triangle Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 112. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of Test Triangle (2016-2021) Table 113. Test Triangle Recent Developments Table 114. Testlio Basic Information List Table 115. Testlio Description and Business Overview Table 116. Testlio Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 117. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of Testlio (2016-2021) Table 118. Testlio Recent Developments Table 119. AWS Basic Information List Table 120. AWS Description and Business Overview Table 121. AWS Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 122. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of AWS (2016-2021) Table 123. AWS Recent Developments Table 124. Experitest Basic Information List Table 125. Experitest Description and Business Overview Table 126. Experitest Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 127. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of Experitest (2016-2021) Table 128. Experitest Recent Developments Table 129. Kobiton Basic Information List Table 130. Kobiton Description and Business Overview Table 131. Kobiton Mobile Testing Products, Services and Solutions Table 132. Revenue (US$ Million) in Mobile Testing Business of Kobiton (2016-2021) Table 133. Kobiton Recent Developments Table 134. North America Mobile Testing Market Size by Country (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 135. North America Mobile Testing Market Size by Country (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 136. Europe Mobile Testing Market Size by Country (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 137. Europe Mobile Testing Market Size by Country (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 138. Asia-Pacific Mobile Testing Market Size by Region (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 139. Asia-Pacific Mobile Testing Market Size by Region (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 140. Asia-Pacific Mobile Testing Market Share by Region (2016-2021) Table 141. Asia-Pacific Mobile Testing Market Share by Region (2022-2027) Table 142. Latin America Mobile Testing Market Size by Country (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 143. Latin America Mobile Testing Market Size by Country (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 144. Middle East & Africa Mobile Testing Market Size by Players (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 145. Middle East & Africa Mobile Testing Market Size by Country (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 146. Mobile Testing Market Trends Table 147. Mobile Testing Market Drivers Table 148. Mobile Testing Market Challenges Table 149. Mobile Testing Market Restraints Table 150. Research Programs/Design for This Report Table 151. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources Table 152. Key Data Information from Primary Sources List of Figures Figure 1. Global Mobile Testing Market Size Year-over-Year 2016-2027 & (US$ Million) Figure 2. Global Mobile Testing Market Size (US$ Million), 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 Figure 3. Global Mobile Testing Market Share by Regions: 2021 VS 2027 Figure 4. Global Mobile Testing Forecasted Market Size Share by Region (2022-2027) Figure 5. North America Mobile Testing Market Size (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2016-2027) Figure 6. Europe Mobile Testing Market Size (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027) Figure 7. Asia-Pacific Mobile Testing Market Size (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027) Figure 8. Latin America Mobile Testing Market Size (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027) Figure 9. Middle East & Africa Mobile Testing Market Size (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027) Figure 10. Global Mobile Testing Market Size Share by Type in 2021 & 2027 Figure 11. Manual Market Size (US$ Million) YoY Growth (2016-2027) Figure 12. Automation Market Size (US$ Million) YoY Growth (2016-2027) Figure 13. Global Mobile Testing Market Size Share by Application in 2021 & 2027 Figure 14. BFSI Market Size (US$ Million) YoY Growth (2016-2027) Figure 15. Telecom Market Size (US$ Million) YoY Growth (2016-2027) Figure 16. IT Market Size (US$ Million) YoY Growth (2016-2027) Figure 17. Retail Market Size (US$ Million) YoY Growth (2016-2027) Figure 18. Media Market Size (US$ Million) YoY Growth (2016-2027) Figure 19. Others Market Size (US$ Million) YoY Growth (2016-2027) Figure 20. Mobile Testing Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2016 VS 2020 Figure 21. Global Top 5 and Top 10 Players Mobile Testing Market Share in 2020 Figure 22. North America Mobile Testing Market Share by Country (2016-2027) Figure 23. United States Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 24. Canada Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 25. Germany Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 26. France Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 27. U.K. Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 28. Italy Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 29. Russia Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 30. Nordic Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 31. Rest of Europe Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 32. Asia-Pacific Mobile Testing Market Share by Region (2016-2027) Figure 33. China Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 34. Japan Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 35. South Korea Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 36. Southeast Asia Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 37. India Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 38. Australia Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 39. Rest of Asia-Pacific Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 40. Latin America Mobile Testing Market Share by Country (2016-2027) Figure 41. Mexico Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 42. Brazil Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 43. Rest of Latin America Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 44. Middle East & Africa Mobile Testing Market Share by Country (2016-2027) Figure 45. Turkey Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 47. UAE Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 48. Rest of Middle East & Africa Mobile Testing Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 49. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report Figure 50. Data Triangulation

IBM Accenture Wipro Capgemini Cognizant Infosys NTT Data QualiTest Cigniti ITechArt Micro Focus QA InfoTech Perfecto TestFort QA Lab RTTS ScienceSoft Infuse Test Triangle Testlio AWS Experitest Kobiton