1 Market Overview 1.1 Industrial Hemp in Automotive Introduction 1.2 Market Analysis by Type 1.2.1 Overview: Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Type: 2019 Versus 2021 Versus 2026 1.2.2 Natural Paint 1.2.3 Natural Fiber 1.3 Market Analysis by Application 1.3.1 Overview: Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Application: 2019 Versus 2021 Versus 2026 1.3.2 Passenger Cars 1.3.3 Commercial Vehicles 1.4 Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Market Size & Forecast 1.4.1 Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales in Value (2016-2026)) 1.4.2 Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales in Volume (2016-2026) 1.4.3 Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Price by Type (2016-2026) & (USD/MT) 1.5 Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Production Capacity Analysis 1.5.1 Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Total Production Capacity (2016-2026) 1.5.2 Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Production Capacity by Geographic Region 1.6 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends 1.6.1 Industrial Hemp in Automotive Market Drivers 1.6.2 Industrial Hemp in Automotive Market Restraints 1.6.3 Industrial Hemp in Automotive Trends Analysis 2 Manufacturers Profiles 2.1 Industrial Hemp Manufacturing 2.1.1 Industrial Hemp Manufacturing Details 2.1.2 Industrial Hemp Manufacturing Major Business 2.1.3 Industrial Hemp Manufacturing Industrial Hemp in Automotive Product and Services 2.1.4 Industrial Hemp Manufacturing Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) 2.2 HempFlax 2.2.1 HempFlax Details 2.2.2 HempFlax Major Business 2.2.3 HempFlax Industrial Hemp in Automotive Product and Services 2.2.4 HempFlax Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) 2.3 HMI Group 2.3.1 HMI Group Details 2.3.2 HMI Group Major Business 2.3.3 HMI Group Industrial Hemp in Automotive Product and Services 2.3.4 HMI Group Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) 2.4 Yunnan Industrial Hemp 2.4.1 Yunnan Industrial Hemp Details 2.4.2 Yunnan Industrial Hemp Major Business 2.4.3 Yunnan Industrial Hemp Industrial Hemp in Automotive Product and Services 2.4.4 Yunnan Industrial Hemp Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) 3 Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Manufacturer 3.1 Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales in Volume by Manufacturer (2019-2021e) 3.2 Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Manufacturer (2019-2021e) 3.3 Key Manufacturer Market Position in Industrial Hemp in Automotive 3.4 Market Concentration Rate 3.4.1 Top 3 Industrial Hemp in Automotive Manufacturer Market Share 3.4.2 Top 6 Industrial Hemp in Automotive Manufacturer Market Share 3.5 Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Production Capacity by Company 3.6 Manufacturer by Geography: Head Office and Industrial Hemp in Automotive Production Site 3.7 New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans 3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions 4 Market Analysis by Region 4.1 Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Market Size by Region 4.1.1 Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales in Volume by Region (2016-2026) 4.1.2 Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Region (2016-2026) 4.2 North America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue (2016-2026) 4.3 Europe Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue (2016-2026) 4.4 Asia-Pacific Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue (2016-2026) 4.5 South America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue (2016-2026) 4.6 Middle East and Africa Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue (2016-2026) 5 Market Segment by Type 5.1 Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales in Volume by Type (2016-2026) 5.2 Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Type (2016-2026) 5.3 Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Price by Type (2016-2026) 6 Market Segment by Application 6.1 Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales in Volume by Application (2016-2026) 6.2 Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Application (2016-2026) 6.3 Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Price by Application (2016-2026) 7 North America by Country, by Type, and by Application 7.1 North America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Type (2016-2026) 7.2 North America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Application (2016-2026) 7.3 North America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Market Size by Country 7.3.1 North America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales in Volume by Country (2016-2026) 7.3.2 North America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Country (2016-2026) 7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 8 Europe by Country, by Type, and by Application 8.1 Europe Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Type (2016-2026) 8.2 Europe Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Application (2016-2026) 8.3 Europe Industrial Hemp in Automotive Market Size by Country 8.3.1 Europe Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales in Volume by Country (2016-2026) 8.3.2 Europe Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Country (2016-2026) 8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 9 Asia-Pacific by Country, by Type, and by Application 9.1 Asia-Pacific Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Type (2016-2026) 9.2 Asia-Pacific Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Application (2016-2026) 9.3 Asia-Pacific Industrial Hemp in Automotive Market Size by Region 9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales in Volume by Region (2016-2026) 9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Region (2016-2026) 9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 10 South America by Country, by Type, and by Application 10.1 South America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Type (2016-2026) 10.2 South America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Application (2016-2026) 10.3 South America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Market Size by Country 10.3.1 South America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales in Volume by Country (2016-2026) 10.3.2 South America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Country (2016-2026) 10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 11 Middle East & Africa by Country, by Type, and by Application 11.1 Middle East & Africa Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Type (2016-2026) 11.2 Middle East & Africa Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Application (2016-2026) 11.3 Middle East & Africa Industrial Hemp in Automotive Market Size by Country 11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales in Volume by Country (2016-2026) 11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Country (2016-2026) 11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 12 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers 12.1 Sales Channel 12.1.1 Direct Marketing 12.1.2 Indirect Marketing 12.2 Industrial Hemp in Automotive Typical Distributors 12.3 Industrial Hemp in Automotive Typical Customers 13 Research Findings and Conclusion 14 Appendix 14.1 Methodology 14.2 Research Process and Data Source 14.3 Disclaimer

List of Tables Table 1. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Type, (USD Million), 2021-2026 Table 2. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Application, (USD Million), 2021-2026 Table 3. Industrial Hemp Manufacturing Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors Table 4. Industrial Hemp Manufacturing Major Business Table 5. Industrial Hemp Manufacturing Industrial Hemp in Automotive Product and Services Table 6. Industrial Hemp Manufacturing Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021e) Table 7. HempFlax Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors Table 8. HempFlax Major Business Table 9. HempFlax Industrial Hemp in Automotive Product and Services Table 10. HempFlax Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021e) Table 11. HMI Group Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors Table 12. HMI Group Major Business Table 13. HMI Group Industrial Hemp in Automotive Product and Services Table 14. HMI Group Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021e) Table 15. Yunnan Industrial Hemp Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors Table 16. Yunnan Industrial Hemp Major Business Table 17. Yunnan Industrial Hemp Industrial Hemp in Automotive Product and Services Table 18. Yunnan Industrial Hemp Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021e) Table 19. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Manufacturer (2019-2021e) & (K MT) Table 20. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Manufacturer (2019-2021e) & (USD Million) Table 21. Market Position of Manufacturers in Industrial Hemp in Automotive, (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), Based on Revenue in 2020 Table 22. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Production Capacity by Company, (K MT): 2020 VS 2021 Table 23. Head Office and Industrial Hemp in Automotive Production Site of Key Manufacturer Table 24. Industrial Hemp in Automotive New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans Table 25. Industrial Hemp in Automotive Mergers & Acquisitions in the Past Five Years Table 26. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Region (2016-2021e) & (K MT) Table 27. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Region (2021-2026) & (K MT) Table 28. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Region (2016-2021e) & (USD Million) Table 29. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Region (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 30. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Type (2016-2021e) & (K MT) Table 31. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (K MT) Table 32. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Type (2016-2021e) & (USD Million) Table 33. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Type (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 34. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Price by Type (2016-2021e) & (USD/MT) Table 35. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Price by Type (2021-2026) & (USD/MT) Table 36. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Application (2016-2021e) & (K MT) Table 37. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (K MT) Table 38. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Application (2016-2021e) & (USD Million) Table 39. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Application (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 40. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Price by Application (2016-2021e) & (USD/MT) Table 41. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Price by Application (2021-2026) & (USD/MT) Table 42. North America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Country (2016-2021e) & (K MT) Table 43. North America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Country (2021-2026) & (K MT) Table 44. North America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Country (2016-2021e) & (USD Million) Table 45. North America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Country (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 46. North America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Type (2016-2021e) & (K MT) Table 47. North America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (K MT) Table 48. North America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Application (2016-2021e) & (K MT) Table 49. North America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (K MT) Table 50. Europe Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Country (2016-2021e) & (K MT) Table 51. Europe Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Country (2021-2026) & (K MT) Table 52. Europe Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Country (2016-2021e) & (USD Million) Table 53. Europe Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Country (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 54. Europe Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Type (2016-2021e) & (K MT) Table 55. Europe Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (K MT) Table 56. Europe Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Application (2016-2021e) & (K MT) Table 57. Europe Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (K MT) Table 58. Asia-Pacific Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Region (2016-2021e) & (K MT) Table 59. Asia-Pacific Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Region (2021-2026) & (K MT) Table 60. Asia-Pacific Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Region (2016-2021e) & (USD Million) Table 61. Asia-Pacific Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Region (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 62. Asia-Pacific Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Type (2016-2021e) & (K MT) Table 63. Asia-Pacific Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (K MT) Table 64. Asia-Pacific Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Application (2016-2021e) & (K MT) Table 65. Asia-Pacific Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (K MT) Table 66. South America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Country (2016-2021e) & (K MT) Table 67. South America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Country (2021-2026) & (K MT) Table 68. South America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Country (2016-2021e) & (USD Million) Table 69. South America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Country (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 70. South America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Type (2016-2021e) & (K MT) Table 71. South America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (K MT) Table 72. South America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Application (2016-2021e) & (K MT) Table 73. South America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (K MT) Table 74. Middle East & Africa Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Country (2016-2021e) & (K MT) Table 75. Middle East & Africa Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Country (2021-2026) & (K MT) Table 76. Middle East & Africa Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Country (2016-2021e) & (USD Million) Table 77. Middle East & Africa Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue by Country (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 78. Middle East & Africa Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Type (2016-2021e) & (K MT) Table 79. Middle East & Africa Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (K MT) Table 80. Middle East & Africa Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Application (2016-2021e) & (K MT) Table 81. Middle East & Africa Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (K MT) Table 82. Direct Channel Pros & Cons Table 83. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons Table 84. Industrial Hemp in Automotive Typical Distributors Table 85. Industrial Hemp in Automotive Typical Customers List of Figures Figure 1. Industrial Hemp in Automotive Picture Figure 2. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Type in 2020 Figure 3. Natural Paint Figure 4. Natural Fiber Figure 5. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Application in 2020 Figure 6. Passenger Cars Figure 7. Commercial Vehicles Figure 8. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Market Size, (USD Million) & (K MT): 2020 VS 2021 VS 2026 Figure 9. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 10. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales (2016-2026) & (K MT) Figure 11. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Price by Type (2016-2026) & (USD/MT) Figure 12. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Production Capacity (2016-2026) & (K MT) Figure 13. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Production Capacity by Geographic Region: 2020 VS 2021 Figure 14. Industrial Hemp in Automotive Market Drivers Figure 15. Industrial Hemp in Automotive Market Restraints Figure 16. Industrial Hemp in Automotive Market Trends Figure 17. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2020 Figure 18. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2020 Figure 19. Industrial Hemp in Automotive Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) Figure 20. Top 3 Industrial Hemp in Automotive Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2020 Figure 21. Top 6 Industrial Hemp in Automotive Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2020 Figure 22. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Region (2016-2026) Figure 23. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2026) Figure 24. North America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 25. Europe Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 26. Asia-Pacific Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 27. South America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 28. Middle East & Africa Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 29. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026) Figure 30. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2026) Figure 31. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Price by Type (2016-2026) & (USD/MT) Figure 32. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026) Figure 33. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue Market Share by Application (2016-2026) Figure 34. Global Industrial Hemp in Automotive Price by Application (2016-2026) & (USD/MT) Figure 35. North America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026) Figure 36. North America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026) Figure 37. North America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2026) Figure 38. North America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2026) Figure 39. United States Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 40. Canada Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 41. Mexico Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 42. Europe Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026) Figure 43. Europe Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026) Figure 44. Europe Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2026) Figure 45. Europe Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2026) Figure 46. Germany Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 47. France Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 48. United Kingdom Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 49. Russia Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 50. Italy Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 51. Asia-Pacific Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Region (2016-2026) Figure 52. Asia-Pacific Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026) Figure 53. Asia-Pacific Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Region (2016-2026) Figure 54. Asia-Pacific Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2026) Figure 55. China Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 56. Japan Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 57. Korea Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 58. India Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 59. Southeast Asia Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 60. Australia Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 61. South America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026) Figure 62. South America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026) Figure 63. South America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2026) Figure 64. South America Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2026) Figure 65. Brazil Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 66. Argentina Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 67. Middle East & Africa Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026) Figure 68. Middle East & Africa Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026) Figure 69. Middle East & Africa Industrial Hemp in Automotive Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2026) Figure 70. Middle East & Africa Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2026) Figure 71. Turkey Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 72. Egypt Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 73. Saudi Arabia Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 74. South Africa Industrial Hemp in Automotive Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 75. Sales Channel: Direct Channel vs Indirect Channel Figure 76. Methodology Figure 77. Research Process and Data Source

Industrial Hemp Manufacturing HempFlax HMI Group Yunnan Industrial Hemp