Table of Content 1 Polarimeter Introduction and Market Overview 1.1 Objectives of the Study 1.2 Overview of Polarimeter 1.3 Scope of The Study 1.3.1 Key Market Segments 1.3.2 Players Covered 1.3.3 COVID-19's impact on the Polarimeter industry 1.4 Methodology of The Study 1.5 Research Data Source 2 Executive Summary 2.1 Market Overview 2.1.1 Global Polarimeter Market Size, 2015 – 2020 2.1.2 Global Polarimeter Market Size by Type, 2015 – 2020 2.1.3 Global Polarimeter Market Size by Application, 2015 – 2020 2.1.4 Global Polarimeter Market Size by Region, 2015 - 2025 2.2 Business Environment Analysis 2.2.1 Global COVID-19 Status and Economic Overview 2.2.2 Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Polarimeter Industry Development 3 Industry Chain Analysis 3.1 Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Polarimeter Analysis 3.2 Major Players of Polarimeter 3.3 Polarimeter Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis 3.3.1 Production Process Analysis 3.3.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Polarimeter 3.3.3 Labor Cost of Polarimeter 3.4 Market Distributors of Polarimeter 3.5 Major Downstream Buyers of Polarimeter Analysis 3.6 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain 3.7 Regional Import and Export Controls Will Exist for a Long Time 3.8 Continued downward PMI Spreads Globally 4 Global Polarimeter Market, by Type 4.1 Global Polarimeter Value and Market Share by Type (2015-2020) 4.2 Global Polarimeter Production and Market Share by Type (2015-2020) 4.3 Global Polarimeter Value and Growth Rate by Type (2015-2020) 4.3.1 Global Polarimeter Value and Growth Rate of Manual Polarimeter 4.3.2 Global Polarimeter Value and Growth Rate of Semi-automatic Polarimeter 4.3.3 Global Polarimeter Value and Growth Rate of Automatic Digital Polarimeter 4.4 Global Polarimeter Price Analysis by Type (2015-2020) 5 Polarimeter Market, by Application 5.1 Downstream Market Overview 5.2 Global Polarimeter Consumption and Market Share by Application (2015-2020) 5.3 Global Polarimeter Consumption and Growth Rate by Application (2015-2020) 5.3.1 Global Polarimeter Consumption and Growth Rate of Chemical Industry (2015-2020) 5.3.2 Global Polarimeter Consumption and Growth Rate of Pharmaceutical Industry (2015-2020) 5.3.3 Global Polarimeter Consumption and Growth Rate of Food & Beverage Industries (2015-2020) 5.3.4 Global Polarimeter Consumption and Growth Rate of Research Institutes & Universities (2015-2020) 5.3.5 Global Polarimeter Consumption and Growth Rate of Others (2015-2020) 6 Global Polarimeter Market Analysis by Regions 6.1 Global Polarimeter Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Regions 6.1.1 Global Polarimeter Sales by Regions (2015-2020) 6.1.2 Global Polarimeter Revenue by Regions (2015-2020) 6.2 North America Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 6.3 Europe Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 6.4 Asia-Pacific Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 6.5 Middle East and Africa Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 6.6 South America Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 7 North America Polarimeter Market Analysis by Countries 7.1 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market 7.2 North America Polarimeter Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries 7.2.1 North America Polarimeter Sales by Countries (2015-2020) 7.2.2 North America Polarimeter Revenue by Countries (2015-2020) 7.3 United States Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 7.4 Canada Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 7.5 Mexico Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 8 Europe Polarimeter Market Analysis by Countries 8.1 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market 8.2 Europe Polarimeter Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries 8.2.1 Europe Polarimeter Sales by Countries (2015-2020) 8.2.2 Europe Polarimeter Revenue by Countries (2015-2020) 8.3 Germany Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 8.4 UK Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 8.5 France Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 8.6 Italy Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 8.7 Spain Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 8.8 Russia Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 9 Asia Pacific Polarimeter Market Analysis by Countries 9.1 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market 9.2 Asia Pacific Polarimeter Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries 9.2.1 Asia Pacific Polarimeter Sales by Countries (2015-2020) 9.2.2 Asia Pacific Polarimeter Revenue by Countries (2015-2020) 9.3 China Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 9.4 Japan Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 9.5 South Korea Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 9.6 India Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 9.7 Southeast Asia Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 9.8 Australia Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 10 Middle East and Africa Polarimeter Market Analysis by Countries 10.1 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market 10.2 Middle East and Africa Polarimeter Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries 10.2.1 Middle East and Africa Polarimeter Sales by Countries (2015-2020) 10.2.2 Middle East and Africa Polarimeter Revenue by Countries (2015-2020) 10.3 Saudi Arabia Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 10.4 UAE Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 10.5 Egypt Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 10.6 Nigeria Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 10.7 South Africa Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 11 South America Polarimeter Market Analysis by Countries 11.1 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market 11.2 South America Polarimeter Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries 11.2.1 South America Polarimeter Sales by Countries (2015-2020) 11.2.2 South America Polarimeter Revenue by Countries (2015-2020) 11.3 Brazil Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 11.4 Argentina Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 11.5 Columbia Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 11.6 Chile Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 12 Competitive Landscape 12.1 ATAGO 12.1.1 ATAGO Basic Information 12.1.2 Polarimeter Product Introduction 12.1.3 ATAGO Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.2 Agr International 12.2.1 Agr International Basic Information 12.2.2 Polarimeter Product Introduction 12.2.3 Agr International Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.3 JASCO 12.3.1 JASCO Basic Information 12.3.2 Polarimeter Product Introduction 12.3.3 JASCO Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.4 Hanon Instrument 12.4.1 Hanon Instrument Basic Information 12.4.2 Polarimeter Product Introduction 12.4.3 Hanon Instrument Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.5 PASCO 12.5.1 PASCO Basic Information 12.5.2 Polarimeter Product Introduction 12.5.3 PASCO Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.6 Vernier 12.6.1 Vernier Basic Information 12.6.2 Polarimeter Product Introduction 12.6.3 Vernier Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.7 Rudolph 12.7.1 Rudolph Basic Information 12.7.2 Polarimeter Product Introduction 12.7.3 Rudolph Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.8 Schmidt+Haensch 12.8.1 Schmidt+Haensch Basic Information 12.8.2 Polarimeter Product Introduction 12.8.3 Schmidt+Haensch Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.9 PerkinElmer 12.9.1 PerkinElmer Basic Information 12.9.2 Polarimeter Product Introduction 12.9.3 PerkinElmer Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.10 Hinds Instruments 12.10.1 Hinds Instruments Basic Information 12.10.2 Polarimeter Product Introduction 12.10.3 Hinds Instruments Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.11 Kruss Optronic 12.11.1 Kruss Optronic Basic Information 12.11.2 Polarimeter Product Introduction 12.11.3 Kruss Optronic Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.12 Polaris Sensor Technologies 12.12.1 Polaris Sensor Technologies Basic Information 12.12.2 Polarimeter Product Introduction 12.12.3 Polaris Sensor Technologies Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.13 Anton Paar 12.13.1 Anton Paar Basic Information 12.13.2 Polarimeter Product Introduction 12.13.3 Anton Paar Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.14 Bellingham + Stanley 12.14.1 Bellingham + Stanley Basic Information 12.14.2 Polarimeter Product Introduction 12.14.3 Bellingham + Stanley Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 13 Industry Outlook 13.1 Market Driver Analysis 13.1.2 Market Restraints Analysis 13.1.3 Market Trends Analysis 13.2 Merger, Acquisition and New Investment 13.3 News of Product Release 14 Global Polarimeter Market Forecast 14.1 Global Polarimeter Market Value & Volume Forecast, by Type (2020-2025) 14.1.1 Manual Polarimeter Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025) 14.1.2 Semi-automatic Polarimeter Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025) 14.1.3 Automatic Digital Polarimeter Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025) 14.2 Global Polarimeter Market Value & Volume Forecast, by Application (2020-2025) 14.2.1 Chemical Industry Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025) 14.2.2 Pharmaceutical Industry Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025) 14.2.3 Food & Beverage Industries Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025) 14.2.4 Research Institutes & Universities Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025) 14.2.5 Others Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025) 14.3 Polarimeter Market Analysis and Forecast by Region 14.3.1 North America Market Value and Consumption Forecast (2020-2025) 14.3.2 Europe Market Value and Consumption Forecast (2020-2025) 14.3.3 Asia Pacific Market Value and Consumption Forecast (2020-2025) 14.3.4 Middle East and Africa Market Value and Consumption Forecast (2020-2025) 14.3.5 South America Market Value and Consumption Forecast (2020-2025) 15 New Project Feasibility Analysis 15.1 Industry Barriers and New Entrants SWOT Analysis 15.1.1 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 15.1.2 New Entrants SWOT Analysis 15.2 Analysis and Suggestions on New Project Investment  

List of Tables and Figures Figure Product Picture of Polarimeter Table Product Specification of Polarimeter Table Polarimeter Key Market Segments Table Key Players Polarimeter Covered Figure Global Polarimeter Market Size, 2015 – 2025 Table Different Types of Polarimeter Figure Global Polarimeter Value ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020 Figure Global Polarimeter Market Share by Types in 2019 Table Different Applications of Polarimeter Figure Global Polarimeter Value ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020 Figure Global Polarimeter Market Share by Applications in 2019 Figure Global Polarimeter Market Share by Regions in 2019 Figure North America Polarimeter Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Europe Polarimeter Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Asia Pacific Polarimeter Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Middle East and Africa Polarimeter Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure South America Polarimeter Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Table Global COVID-19 Status and Economic Overview Figure Global COVID-19 Status Figure COVID-19 Comparison of Major Countries Figure Industry Chain Analysis of Polarimeter Table Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Polarimeter with Contact Information Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Polarimeter Figure Major Players Production Value Market Share of Polarimeter in 2019 Table Major Players Polarimeter Product Types in 2019 Figure Production Process of Polarimeter Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Polarimeter Figure Channel Status of Polarimeter Table Major Distributors of Polarimeter with Contact Information Table Major Downstream Buyers of Polarimeter with Contact Information Table Global Polarimeter Value ($) by Type (2015-2020) Table Global Polarimeter Value Share by Type (2015-2020) Figure Global Polarimeter Value Share by Type (2015-2020) Table Global Polarimeter Production by Type (2015-2020) Table Global Polarimeter Production Share by Type (2015-2020) Figure Global Polarimeter Production Share by Type (2015-2020) Figure Global Polarimeter Value ($) and Growth Rate of Manual Polarimeter (2015-2020) Figure Global Polarimeter Value ($) and Growth Rate of Semi-automatic Polarimeter (2015-2020) Figure Global Polarimeter Value ($) and Growth Rate of Automatic Digital Polarimeter (2015-2020) Figure Global Polarimeter Price by Type (2015-2020) Figure Downstream Market Overview Table Global Polarimeter Consumption by Application (2015-2020) Table Global Polarimeter Consumption Market Share by Application (2015-2020) Figure Global Polarimeter Consumption Market Share by Application (2015-2020) Figure Global Polarimeter Consumption and Growth Rate of Chemical Industry (2015-2020) Figure Global Polarimeter Consumption and Growth Rate of Pharmaceutical Industry (2015-2020) Figure Global Polarimeter Consumption and Growth Rate of Food & Beverage Industries (2015-2020) Figure Global Polarimeter Consumption and Growth Rate of Research Institutes & Universities (2015-2020) Figure Global Polarimeter Consumption and Growth Rate of Others (2015-2020) Figure Global Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Global Polarimeter Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020) Table Global Polarimeter Sales by Regions (2015-2020) Table Global Polarimeter Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020) Table Global Polarimeter Revenue (M USD) by Regions (2015-2020) Table Global Polarimeter Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020) Table Global Polarimeter Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2015 Table Global Polarimeter Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019 Figure North America Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Europe Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Asia-Pacific Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Middle East and Africa Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure South America Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure North America COVID-19 Status Figure North America COVID-19 Confirmed Cases Major Distribution Figure North America Polarimeter Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020) Table North America Polarimeter Sales by Countries (2015-2020) Table North America Polarimeter Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Table North America Polarimeter Revenue (M USD) by Countries (2015-2020) Table North America Polarimeter Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure United States Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Canada Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Mexico Polarimeter Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Europe COVID-19 Status Figure Europe COVID-19 Confirmed Cases Major Distribution Figure Europe Polarimeter Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020) Table Europe Polarimeter Sales by Countries (2015-2020) Table Europe Polarimeter Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Table Europe Polarimeter Revenue (M USD) by Countries (2015-2020) Table Europe Polarimeter Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure Germany Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure UK Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure France Polarimeter Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Italy Polarimeter Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Spain Polarimeter Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Russia Polarimeter Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status Figure Asia Pacific Polarimeter Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020) Table Asia Pacific Polarimeter Sales by Countries (2015-2020) Table Asia Pacific Polarimeter Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Table Asia Pacific Polarimeter Revenue (M USD) by Countries (2015-2020) Table Asia Pacific Polarimeter Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure China Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Japan Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure South Korea Polarimeter Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure India Polarimeter Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Southeast Asia Polarimeter Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Australia Polarimeter Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Middle East Polarimeter Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020) Table Middle East Polarimeter Sales by Countries (2015-2020) Table Middle East and Africa Polarimeter Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Table Middle East and Africa Polarimeter Revenue (M USD) by Countries (2015-2020) Table Middle East and Africa Polarimeter Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure Saudi Arabia Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure UAE Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Egypt Polarimeter Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Nigeria Polarimeter Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure South Africa Polarimeter Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure South America Polarimeter Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020) Table South America Polarimeter Sales by Countries (2015-2020) Table South America Polarimeter Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Table South America Polarimeter Revenue (M USD) by Countries (2015-2020) Table South America Polarimeter Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure Brazil Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Argentina Polarimeter Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Columbia Polarimeter Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Chile Polarimeter Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Top 3 Market Share of Polarimeter Companies in 2019 Figure Top 6 Market Share of Polarimeter Companies in 2019 Table Major Players Production Value ($) Share (2015-2020) Table ATAGO Profile Table ATAGO Product Introduction Figure ATAGO Production and Growth Rate Figure ATAGO Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Agr International Profile Table Agr International Product Introduction Figure Agr International Production and Growth Rate Figure Agr International Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table JASCO Profile Table JASCO Product Introduction Figure JASCO Production and Growth Rate Figure JASCO Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Hanon Instrument Profile Table Hanon Instrument Product Introduction Figure Hanon Instrument Production and Growth Rate Figure Hanon Instrument Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table PASCO Profile Table PASCO Product Introduction Figure PASCO Production and Growth Rate Figure PASCO Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Vernier Profile Table Vernier Product Introduction Figure Vernier Production and Growth Rate Figure Vernier Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Rudolph Profile Table Rudolph Product Introduction Figure Rudolph Production and Growth Rate Figure Rudolph Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Schmidt+Haensch Profile Table Schmidt+Haensch Product Introduction Figure Schmidt+Haensch Production and Growth Rate Figure Schmidt+Haensch Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table PerkinElmer Profile Table PerkinElmer Product Introduction Figure PerkinElmer Production and Growth Rate Figure PerkinElmer Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Hinds Instruments Profile Table Hinds Instruments Product Introduction Figure Hinds Instruments Production and Growth Rate Figure Hinds Instruments Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Kruss Optronic Profile Table Kruss Optronic Product Introduction Figure Kruss Optronic Production and Growth Rate Figure Kruss Optronic Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Polaris Sensor Technologies Profile Table Polaris Sensor Technologies Product Introduction Figure Polaris Sensor Technologies Production and Growth Rate Figure Polaris Sensor Technologies Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Anton Paar Profile Table Anton Paar Product Introduction Figure Anton Paar Production and Growth Rate Figure Anton Paar Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Bellingham + Stanley Profile Table Bellingham + Stanley Product Introduction Figure Bellingham + Stanley Production and Growth Rate Figure Bellingham + Stanley Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Market Driving Factors of Polarimeter Table Merger, Acquisition and New Investment Table Global Polarimeter Market Value ($) Forecast, by Type Table Global Polarimeter Market Volume Forecast, by Type Figure Global Polarimeter Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Manual Polarimeter (2020-2025) Figure Global Polarimeter Market Volume ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Manual Polarimeter (2020-2025) Figure Global Polarimeter Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Semi-automatic Polarimeter (2020-2025) Figure Global Polarimeter Market Volume ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Semi-automatic Polarimeter (2020-2025) Figure Global Polarimeter Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Automatic Digital Polarimeter (2020-2025) Figure Global Polarimeter Market Volume ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Automatic Digital Polarimeter (2020-2025) Table Global Market Value ($) Forecast by Application (2020-2025) Table Global Market Volume Forecast by Application (2020-2025) Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Chemical Industry (2020-2025) Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Chemical Industry (2020-2025) Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Pharmaceutical Industry (2020-2025) Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Pharmaceutical Industry (2020-2025) Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Food & Beverage Industries (2020-2025) Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Food & Beverage Industries (2020-2025) Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Research Institutes & Universities (2020-2025) Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Research Institutes & Universities (2020-2025) Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2020-2025) Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2020-2025) Figure North America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025) Figure North America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025) Figure Europe Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025) Figure Europe Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025) Figure Asia Pacific Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025) Figure Asia Pacific Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025) Figure Middle East and Africa Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025) Figure Middle East and Africa Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025) Figure South America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025) Figure South America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025) Figure Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Table New Entrants SWOT Analysis Table New Project Analysis of Investment Recovery