Table of Content 1 Liquid Smoke Introduction and Market Overview 1.1 Objectives of the Study 1.2 Overview of Liquid Smoke 1.3 Scope of The Study 1.3.1 Key Market Segments 1.3.2 Players Covered 1.3.3 COVID-19's impact on the Liquid Smoke industry 1.4 Methodology of The Study 1.5 Research Data Source 2 Executive Summary 2.1 Market Overview 2.1.1 Global Liquid Smoke Market Size, 2015 – 2020 2.1.2 Global Liquid Smoke Market Size by Type, 2015 – 2020 2.1.3 Global Liquid Smoke Market Size by Application, 2015 – 2020 2.1.4 Global Liquid Smoke Market Size by Region, 2015 - 2025 2.2 Business Environment Analysis 2.2.1 Global COVID-19 Status and Economic Overview 2.2.2 Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Liquid Smoke Industry Development 3 Industry Chain Analysis 3.1 Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Liquid Smoke Analysis 3.2 Major Players of Liquid Smoke 3.3 Liquid Smoke Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis 3.3.1 Production Process Analysis 3.3.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Liquid Smoke 3.3.3 Labor Cost of Liquid Smoke 3.4 Market Distributors of Liquid Smoke 3.5 Major Downstream Buyers of Liquid Smoke Analysis 3.6 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain 3.7 Regional Import and Export Controls Will Exist for a Long Time 3.8 Continued downward PMI Spreads Globally 4 Global Liquid Smoke Market, by Type 4.1 Global Liquid Smoke Value and Market Share by Type (2015-2020) 4.2 Global Liquid Smoke Production and Market Share by Type (2015-2020) 4.3 Global Liquid Smoke Value and Growth Rate by Type (2015-2020) 4.3.1 Global Liquid Smoke Value and Growth Rate of Unsalted 4.3.2 Global Liquid Smoke Value and Growth Rate of Salt 4.4 Global Liquid Smoke Price Analysis by Type (2015-2020) 5 Liquid Smoke Market, by Application 5.1 Downstream Market Overview 5.2 Global Liquid Smoke Consumption and Market Share by Application (2015-2020) 5.3 Global Liquid Smoke Consumption and Growth Rate by Application (2015-2020) 5.3.1 Global Liquid Smoke Consumption and Growth Rate of Meat And Seafood (2015-2020) 5.3.2 Global Liquid Smoke Consumption and Growth Rate of Sauces (2015-2020) 5.3.3 Global Liquid Smoke Consumption and Growth Rate of Dairy (2015-2020) 5.3.4 Global Liquid Smoke Consumption and Growth Rate of Pet Food & Treats (2015-2020) 5.3.5 Global Liquid Smoke Consumption and Growth Rate of Others (2015-2020) 6 Global Liquid Smoke Market Analysis by Regions 6.1 Global Liquid Smoke Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Regions 6.1.1 Global Liquid Smoke Sales by Regions (2015-2020) 6.1.2 Global Liquid Smoke Revenue by Regions (2015-2020) 6.2 North America Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 6.3 Europe Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 6.4 Asia-Pacific Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 6.5 Middle East and Africa Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 6.6 South America Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 7 North America Liquid Smoke Market Analysis by Countries 7.1 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market 7.2 North America Liquid Smoke Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries 7.2.1 North America Liquid Smoke Sales by Countries (2015-2020) 7.2.2 North America Liquid Smoke Revenue by Countries (2015-2020) 7.3 United States Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 7.4 Canada Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 7.5 Mexico Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 8 Europe Liquid Smoke Market Analysis by Countries 8.1 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market 8.2 Europe Liquid Smoke Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries 8.2.1 Europe Liquid Smoke Sales by Countries (2015-2020) 8.2.2 Europe Liquid Smoke Revenue by Countries (2015-2020) 8.3 Germany Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 8.4 UK Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 8.5 France Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 8.6 Italy Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 8.7 Spain Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 8.8 Russia Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 9 Asia Pacific Liquid Smoke Market Analysis by Countries 9.1 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market 9.2 Asia Pacific Liquid Smoke Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries 9.2.1 Asia Pacific Liquid Smoke Sales by Countries (2015-2020) 9.2.2 Asia Pacific Liquid Smoke Revenue by Countries (2015-2020) 9.3 China Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 9.4 Japan Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 9.5 South Korea Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 9.6 India Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 9.7 Southeast Asia Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 9.8 Australia Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 10 Middle East and Africa Liquid Smoke Market Analysis by Countries 10.1 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market 10.2 Middle East and Africa Liquid Smoke Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries 10.2.1 Middle East and Africa Liquid Smoke Sales by Countries (2015-2020) 10.2.2 Middle East and Africa Liquid Smoke Revenue by Countries (2015-2020) 10.3 Saudi Arabia Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 10.4 UAE Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 10.5 Egypt Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 10.6 Nigeria Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 10.7 South Africa Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 11 South America Liquid Smoke Market Analysis by Countries 11.1 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market 11.2 South America Liquid Smoke Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries 11.2.1 South America Liquid Smoke Sales by Countries (2015-2020) 11.2.2 South America Liquid Smoke Revenue by Countries (2015-2020) 11.3 Brazil Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 11.4 Argentina Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 11.5 Columbia Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 11.6 Chile Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 12 Competitive Landscape 12.1 Red Arrow international 12.1.1 Red Arrow international Basic Information 12.1.2 Liquid Smoke Product Introduction 12.1.3 Red Arrow international Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.2 B&G Foods, Inc. 12.2.1 B&G Foods, Inc. Basic Information 12.2.2 Liquid Smoke Product Introduction 12.2.3 B&G Foods, Inc. Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.3 Besmoke 12.3.1 Besmoke Basic Information 12.3.2 Liquid Smoke Product Introduction 12.3.3 Besmoke Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.4 Azelis SA 12.4.1 Azelis SA Basic Information 12.4.2 Liquid Smoke Product Introduction 12.4.3 Azelis SA Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.5 Baumer Foods, Inc. 12.5.1 Baumer Foods, Inc. Basic Information 12.5.2 Liquid Smoke Product Introduction 12.5.3 Baumer Foods, Inc. Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.6 Frutarom Savory Solutions Gmbh 12.6.1 Frutarom Savory Solutions Gmbh Basic Information 12.6.2 Liquid Smoke Product Introduction 12.6.3 Frutarom Savory Solutions Gmbh Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.7 Redbrook ingredient Services 12.7.1 Redbrook ingredient Services Basic Information 12.7.2 Liquid Smoke Product Introduction 12.7.3 Redbrook ingredient Services Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.8 Msk Specialist ingredients 12.8.1 Msk Specialist ingredients Basic Information 12.8.2 Liquid Smoke Product Introduction 12.8.3 Msk Specialist ingredients Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.9 Ruitenberg Ingredients BV 12.9.1 Ruitenberg Ingredients BV Basic Information 12.9.2 Liquid Smoke Product Introduction 12.9.3 Ruitenberg Ingredients BV Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.10 Colgin 12.10.1 Colgin Basic Information 12.10.2 Liquid Smoke Product Introduction 12.10.3 Colgin Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.11 Ruitenberg Ingredients BV 12.11.1 Ruitenberg Ingredients BV Basic Information 12.11.2 Liquid Smoke Product Introduction 12.11.3 Ruitenberg Ingredients BV Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 12.12 Kerry 12.12.1 Kerry Basic Information 12.12.2 Liquid Smoke Product Introduction 12.12.3 Kerry Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 13 Industry Outlook 13.1 Market Driver Analysis 13.1.2 Market Restraints Analysis 13.1.3 Market Trends Analysis 13.2 Merger, Acquisition and New Investment 13.3 News of Product Release 14 Global Liquid Smoke Market Forecast 14.1 Global Liquid Smoke Market Value & Volume Forecast, by Type (2020-2025) 14.1.1 Unsalted Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025) 14.1.2 Salt Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025) 14.2 Global Liquid Smoke Market Value & Volume Forecast, by Application (2020-2025) 14.2.1 Meat And Seafood Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025) 14.2.2 Sauces Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025) 14.2.3 Dairy Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025) 14.2.4 Pet Food & Treats Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025) 14.2.5 Others Market Value and Volume Forecast (2020-2025) 14.3 Liquid Smoke Market Analysis and Forecast by Region 14.3.1 North America Market Value and Consumption Forecast (2020-2025) 14.3.2 Europe Market Value and Consumption Forecast (2020-2025) 14.3.3 Asia Pacific Market Value and Consumption Forecast (2020-2025) 14.3.4 Middle East and Africa Market Value and Consumption Forecast (2020-2025) 14.3.5 South America Market Value and Consumption Forecast (2020-2025) 15 New Project Feasibility Analysis 15.1 Industry Barriers and New Entrants SWOT Analysis 15.1.1 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 15.1.2 New Entrants SWOT Analysis 15.2 Analysis and Suggestions on New Project Investment  

List of Tables and Figures Figure Product Picture of Liquid Smoke Table Product Specification of Liquid Smoke Table Liquid Smoke Key Market Segments Table Key Players Liquid Smoke Covered Figure Global Liquid Smoke Market Size, 2015 – 2025 Table Different Types of Liquid Smoke Figure Global Liquid Smoke Value ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020 Figure Global Liquid Smoke Market Share by Types in 2019 Table Different Applications of Liquid Smoke Figure Global Liquid Smoke Value ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020 Figure Global Liquid Smoke Market Share by Applications in 2019 Figure Global Liquid Smoke Market Share by Regions in 2019 Figure North America Liquid Smoke Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Europe Liquid Smoke Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Asia Pacific Liquid Smoke Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Middle East and Africa Liquid Smoke Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure South America Liquid Smoke Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Table Global COVID-19 Status and Economic Overview Figure Global COVID-19 Status Figure COVID-19 Comparison of Major Countries Figure Industry Chain Analysis of Liquid Smoke Table Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Liquid Smoke with Contact Information Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Liquid Smoke Figure Major Players Production Value Market Share of Liquid Smoke in 2019 Table Major Players Liquid Smoke Product Types in 2019 Figure Production Process of Liquid Smoke Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Liquid Smoke Figure Channel Status of Liquid Smoke Table Major Distributors of Liquid Smoke with Contact Information Table Major Downstream Buyers of Liquid Smoke with Contact Information Table Global Liquid Smoke Value ($) by Type (2015-2020) Table Global Liquid Smoke Value Share by Type (2015-2020) Figure Global Liquid Smoke Value Share by Type (2015-2020) Table Global Liquid Smoke Production by Type (2015-2020) Table Global Liquid Smoke Production Share by Type (2015-2020) Figure Global Liquid Smoke Production Share by Type (2015-2020) Figure Global Liquid Smoke Value ($) and Growth Rate of Unsalted (2015-2020) Figure Global Liquid Smoke Value ($) and Growth Rate of Salt (2015-2020) Figure Global Liquid Smoke Price by Type (2015-2020) Figure Downstream Market Overview Table Global Liquid Smoke Consumption by Application (2015-2020) Table Global Liquid Smoke Consumption Market Share by Application (2015-2020) Figure Global Liquid Smoke Consumption Market Share by Application (2015-2020) Figure Global Liquid Smoke Consumption and Growth Rate of Meat And Seafood (2015-2020) Figure Global Liquid Smoke Consumption and Growth Rate of Sauces (2015-2020) Figure Global Liquid Smoke Consumption and Growth Rate of Dairy (2015-2020) Figure Global Liquid Smoke Consumption and Growth Rate of Pet Food & Treats (2015-2020) Figure Global Liquid Smoke Consumption and Growth Rate of Others (2015-2020) Figure Global Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Global Liquid Smoke Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020) Table Global Liquid Smoke Sales by Regions (2015-2020) Table Global Liquid Smoke Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020) Table Global Liquid Smoke Revenue (M USD) by Regions (2015-2020) Table Global Liquid Smoke Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020) Table Global Liquid Smoke Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2015 Table Global Liquid Smoke Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019 Figure North America Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Europe Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Asia-Pacific Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Middle East and Africa Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure South America Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure North America COVID-19 Status Figure North America COVID-19 Confirmed Cases Major Distribution Figure North America Liquid Smoke Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020) Table North America Liquid Smoke Sales by Countries (2015-2020) Table North America Liquid Smoke Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Table North America Liquid Smoke Revenue (M USD) by Countries (2015-2020) Table North America Liquid Smoke Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure United States Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Canada Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Mexico Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Europe COVID-19 Status Figure Europe COVID-19 Confirmed Cases Major Distribution Figure Europe Liquid Smoke Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020) Table Europe Liquid Smoke Sales by Countries (2015-2020) Table Europe Liquid Smoke Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Table Europe Liquid Smoke Revenue (M USD) by Countries (2015-2020) Table Europe Liquid Smoke Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure Germany Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure UK Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure France Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Italy Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Spain Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Russia Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status Figure Asia Pacific Liquid Smoke Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020) Table Asia Pacific Liquid Smoke Sales by Countries (2015-2020) Table Asia Pacific Liquid Smoke Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Table Asia Pacific Liquid Smoke Revenue (M USD) by Countries (2015-2020) Table Asia Pacific Liquid Smoke Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure China Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Japan Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure South Korea Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure India Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Southeast Asia Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Australia Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Middle East Liquid Smoke Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020) Table Middle East Liquid Smoke Sales by Countries (2015-2020) Table Middle East and Africa Liquid Smoke Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Table Middle East and Africa Liquid Smoke Revenue (M USD) by Countries (2015-2020) Table Middle East and Africa Liquid Smoke Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure Saudi Arabia Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure UAE Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Egypt Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Nigeria Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure South Africa Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure South America Liquid Smoke Revenue (M USD) and Growth (2015-2020) Table South America Liquid Smoke Sales by Countries (2015-2020) Table South America Liquid Smoke Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Table South America Liquid Smoke Revenue (M USD) by Countries (2015-2020) Table South America Liquid Smoke Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure Brazil Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Argentina Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Columbia Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Chile Liquid Smoke Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Top 3 Market Share of Liquid Smoke Companies in 2019 Figure Top 6 Market Share of Liquid Smoke Companies in 2019 Table Major Players Production Value ($) Share (2015-2020) Table Red Arrow international Profile Table Red Arrow international Product Introduction Figure Red Arrow international Production and Growth Rate Figure Red Arrow international Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table B&G Foods, Inc. Profile Table B&G Foods, Inc. Product Introduction Figure B&G Foods, Inc. Production and Growth Rate Figure B&G Foods, Inc. Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Besmoke Profile Table Besmoke Product Introduction Figure Besmoke Production and Growth Rate Figure Besmoke Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Azelis SA Profile Table Azelis SA Product Introduction Figure Azelis SA Production and Growth Rate Figure Azelis SA Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Baumer Foods, Inc. Profile Table Baumer Foods, Inc. Product Introduction Figure Baumer Foods, Inc. Production and Growth Rate Figure Baumer Foods, Inc. Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Frutarom Savory Solutions Gmbh Profile Table Frutarom Savory Solutions Gmbh Product Introduction Figure Frutarom Savory Solutions Gmbh Production and Growth Rate Figure Frutarom Savory Solutions Gmbh Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Redbrook ingredient Services Profile Table Redbrook ingredient Services Product Introduction Figure Redbrook ingredient Services Production and Growth Rate Figure Redbrook ingredient Services Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Msk Specialist ingredients Profile Table Msk Specialist ingredients Product Introduction Figure Msk Specialist ingredients Production and Growth Rate Figure Msk Specialist ingredients Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Ruitenberg Ingredients BV Profile Table Ruitenberg Ingredients BV Product Introduction Figure Ruitenberg Ingredients BV Production and Growth Rate Figure Ruitenberg Ingredients BV Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Colgin Profile Table Colgin Product Introduction Figure Colgin Production and Growth Rate Figure Colgin Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Ruitenberg Ingredients BV Profile Table Ruitenberg Ingredients BV Product Introduction Figure Ruitenberg Ingredients BV Production and Growth Rate Figure Ruitenberg Ingredients BV Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Kerry Profile Table Kerry Product Introduction Figure Kerry Production and Growth Rate Figure Kerry Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Market Driving Factors of Liquid Smoke Table Merger, Acquisition and New Investment Table Global Liquid Smoke Market Value ($) Forecast, by Type Table Global Liquid Smoke Market Volume Forecast, by Type Figure Global Liquid Smoke Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Unsalted (2020-2025) Figure Global Liquid Smoke Market Volume ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Unsalted (2020-2025) Figure Global Liquid Smoke Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Salt (2020-2025) Figure Global Liquid Smoke Market Volume ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Salt (2020-2025) Table Global Market Value ($) Forecast by Application (2020-2025) Table Global Market Volume Forecast by Application (2020-2025) Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Meat And Seafood (2020-2025) Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Meat And Seafood (2020-2025) Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Sauces (2020-2025) Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Sauces (2020-2025) Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Dairy (2020-2025) Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Dairy (2020-2025) Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Pet Food & Treats (2020-2025) Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Pet Food & Treats (2020-2025) Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2020-2025) Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2020-2025) Figure North America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025) Figure North America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025) Figure Europe Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025) Figure Europe Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025) Figure Asia Pacific Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025) Figure Asia Pacific Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025) Figure Middle East and Africa Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025) Figure Middle East and Africa Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025) Figure South America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025) Figure South America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025) Figure Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Table New Entrants SWOT Analysis Table New Project Analysis of Investment Recovery