Table of Content 1 Introduction 1.1 Objective of the Study 1.2 Definition of the Market 1.3 Market Scope 1.3.1 Market Segment by Type, Application and Marketing Channel 1.3.2 Major Regions Covered (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Mid East & Africa) 1.4 Years Considered for the Study (2014-2026) 1.5 Currency Considered (U.S. Dollar) 1.6 Stakeholders 2 Key Findings of the Study 3 Market Dynamics 3.1 Driving Factors for this Market 3.2 Factors Challenging the Market 3.3 Opportunities of the Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market (Regions, Growing/Emerging Downstream Market Analysis) 3.4 Technological and Market Developments in the Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market 3.5 Industry News by Region 3.6 Regulatory Scenario by Region/Country 3.7 Market Investment Scenario Strategic Recommendations Analysis 4 Value Chain of the Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market 4.1 Value Chain Status 4.2 Upstream Raw Material Analysis 4.3 Midstream Major Company Analysis (by Manufacturing Base, by Product Type) 4.4 Distributors/Traders 4.5 Downstream Major Customer Analysis (by Region) 5 Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market-Segmentation by Type 5.1 99% Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder 5.2 99.9% Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder 5.3 99.99% Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder 5.4 99.999% Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder 6 Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market-Segmentation by Application 6.1 Oil Products 6.2 Coatings 6.3 Construction & Ceramic 6.4 Advanced Electronics 6.5 Aerospace 6.6 Ceramics 6.7 Other 7 Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market-Segmentation by Marketing Channel 7.1 Traditional Marketing Channel (Offline) 7.2 Online Channel 8 Competitive Intelligence – Company Profiles 8.1 SkySpring Nanomaterials 8.1.1 SkySpring Nanomaterials Profile 8.1.2 SkySpring Nanomaterials Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E 8.1.3 SkySpring Nanomaterials Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis 8.1.4 SkySpring Nanomaterials Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions 8.2 American Elements 8.2.1 American Elements Profile 8.2.2 American Elements Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E 8.2.3 American Elements Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis 8.2.4 American Elements Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions 8.3 Reinste Nano Ventures 8.3.1 Reinste Nano Ventures Profile 8.3.2 Reinste Nano Ventures Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E 8.3.3 Reinste Nano Ventures Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis 8.3.4 Reinste Nano Ventures Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions 8.4 US Research Nanomaterials 8.4.1 US Research Nanomaterials Profile 8.4.2 US Research Nanomaterials Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E 8.4.3 US Research Nanomaterials Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis 8.4.4 US Research Nanomaterials Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions 8.5 Eprui Nanoparticles & Microspheres 8.5.1 Eprui Nanoparticles & Microspheres Profile 8.5.2 Eprui Nanoparticles & Microspheres Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E 8.5.3 Eprui Nanoparticles & Microspheres Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis 8.5.4 Eprui Nanoparticles & Microspheres Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions 8.6 Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials 8.6.1 Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials Profile 8.6.2 Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E 8.6.3 Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis 8.6.4 Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions 8.7 Sigma Aldrich 8.7.1 Sigma Aldrich Profile 8.7.2 Sigma Aldrich Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E 8.7.3 Sigma Aldrich Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis 8.7.4 Sigma Aldrich Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions 8.8 Nanoshel 8.8.1 Nanoshel Profile 8.8.2 Nanoshel Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E 8.8.3 Nanoshel Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis 8.8.4 Nanoshel Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions 8.9 NaBond Technologies 8.9.1 NaBond Technologies Profile 8.9.2 NaBond Technologies Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E 8.9.3 NaBond Technologies Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis 8.9.4 NaBond Technologies Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions 8.10 Stream Chemical 8.10.1 Stream Chemical Profile 8.10.2 Stream Chemical Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E 8.10.3 Stream Chemical Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis 8.10.4 Stream Chemical Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions 8.11 Inframat 8.11.1 Inframat Profile 8.11.2 Inframat Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E 8.11.3 Inframat Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis 8.11.4 Inframat Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions 9 Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market-Segmentation by Geography 10 North America 10.1 North America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (%) and Gross Analysis from 2014-2019E 10.2 North America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption, Terminal Price, Consumption Value and Channel Margin Analysis from 2014-2019E 10.3 North America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production Analysis from 2014-2019E 10.4 North America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption Analysis from 2014-2019E 10.5 North America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Import and Export from 2014-2019E 10.6 North America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Value, Production and Market Share by Type (2014-2019E) 10.7 North America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption, Value and Market Share by Application (2014-2019E) 10.8 North America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder by Country (United States, Canada) 10.8.1 North America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Sales by Country (2014-2019E) 10.8.2 North America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption Value by Country (2014-2019E) 10.9 North America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market PEST Analysis 11 Europe 11.1 Europe Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (%) and Gross Analysis from 2014-2019E 11.2 Europe Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption, Terminal Price, Consumption Value and Channel Margin Analysis from 2014-2019E 11.3 Europe Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production Analysis from 2014-2019E 11.4 Europe Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption Analysis from 2014-2019E 11.5 Europe Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Import and Export from 2014-2019E 11.6 Europe Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Value, Production and Market Share by Type (2014-2019E) 11.7 Europe Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption, Value and Market Share by Application (2014-2019E) 11.8 Europe Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder by Country (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Spain, Russia, Netherlands, Turkey, Switzerland, Sweden, Poland, Belgium) 11.8.1 Europe Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Sales by Country (2014-2019E) 11.8.2 Europe Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption Value by Country (2014-2019E) 11.9 Europe Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market PEST Analysis 12 Asia-Pacific 12.1 Asia-Pacific Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (%) and Gross Analysis from 2014-2019E 12.2 Asia-Pacific Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption, Terminal Price, Consumption Value and Channel Margin Analysis from 2014-2019E 12.3 Asia-Pacific Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production Analysis from 2014-2019E 12.4 Asia-Pacific Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption Analysis from 2014-2019E 12.5 Asia-Pacific Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Import and Export from 2014-2019E 12.6 Asia-Pacific Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Value, Production and Market Share by Type (2014-2019E) 12.7 Asia-Pacific Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption, Value and Market Share by Application (2014-2019E) 12.8 Asia-Pacific Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder by Country (China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, India, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia) 12.8.1 Asia-Pacific Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Sales by Country (2014-2019E) 12.8.2 Asia-Pacific Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption Value by Country (2014-2019E) 12.9 Asia-Pacific Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market PEST Analysis 13 Latin America 13.1 Latin America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (%) and Gross Analysis from 2014-2019E 13.2 Latin America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption, Terminal Price, Consumption Value and Channel Margin Analysis from 2014-2019E 13.3 Latin America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production Analysis from 2014-2019E 13.4 Latin America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption Analysis from 2014-2019E 13.5 Latin America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Import and Export from 2014-2019E 13.6 Latin America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Value, Production and Market Share by Type (2014-2019E) 13.7 Latin America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption, Value and Market Share by Application (2014-2019E) 13.8 Latin America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder by Country (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Columbia, Chile) 13.8.1 Latin America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Sales by Country (2014-2019E) 13.8.2 Latin America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption Value by Country (2014-2019E) 13.9 Latin America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market PEST Analysis 14 Middle East & Africa 14.1 Middle East & Africa Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (%) and Gross Analysis from 2014-2019E 14.2 Middle East & Africa Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption, Terminal Price, Consumption Value and Channel Margin Analysis from 2014-2019E 14.3 Middle East & Africa Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production Analysis from 2014-2019E 14.4 Middle East & Africa Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption Analysis from 2014-2019E 14.5 Middle East & Africa Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Import and Export from 2014-2019E 14.6 Middle East & Africa Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Value, Production and Market Share by Type (2014-2019E) 14.7 Middle East & Africa Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption, Value and Market Share by Application (2014-2019E) 14.8 Middle East & Africa Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder by Country (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa) 14.8.1 Middle East & Africa Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Sales by Country (2014-2019E) 14.8.2 Middle East & Africa Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption Value by Country (2014-2019E) 14.9 Middle East & Africa Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market PEST Analysis 15 Future Forecast of the Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market from 2018-2026 15.1 Future Forecast of the Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market from 2019-2026 Segment by Region 15.2 Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production and Growth Rate Forecast by Type (2019-2026) 15.3 Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast by Application (2019-2026) 16 Appendix 16.1 Methodology 16.2 Research Data Source

List of Tables and Figures Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market Value ($) and Growth Rate of Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder from 2014-2026 Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production and Growth Rate Segment by Product Type from 2014-2026F Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption and Growth Rate Segment by Application from 2014-2019E Figure Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Picture Table Product Specifications of Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Table Driving Factors for this Market Table Industry News of Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market Figure Value Chain Status of Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Table Midstream Major Company Analysis (by Manufacturing Base, by Product Type) Table Distributors/Traders Table Downstream Major Customer Analysis (by Region, by Preference) Table Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production and Growth Rate Segment by Product Type from 2014-2019E Table Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Value ($) and Growth Rate Segment by Product Type from 2014-2019E Figure 99% Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder of Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Figure 99.9% Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder of Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Figure 99.99% Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder of Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Figure 99.999% Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder of Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Table Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption and Growth Rate Segment by Application from 2014-2019E Table Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Value ($) and Growth Rate Segment by Application from 2014-2019E Figure Oil Products of Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Figure Coatings of Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Figure Construction & Ceramic of Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Figure Advanced Electronics of Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Figure Aerospace of Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Figure Ceramics of Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Figure Other of Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Table Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption and Growth Rate Segment by Marketing Channel from 2014-2019E Table Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Value ($) and Growth Rate Segment by Marketing Channel from 2014-2019E Figure Traditional Marketing Channel (Offline) of Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Figure Online Channel of Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Table SkySpring Nanomaterials Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region) Figure SkySpring Nanomaterials Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E Figure SkySpring Nanomaterials Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E Table SkySpring Nanomaterials Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E) Table American Elements Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region) Figure American Elements Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E Figure American Elements Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E Table American Elements Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E) Table Reinste Nano Ventures Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region) Figure Reinste Nano Ventures Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E Figure Reinste Nano Ventures Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E Table Reinste Nano Ventures Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E) Table US Research Nanomaterials Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region) Figure US Research Nanomaterials Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E Figure US Research Nanomaterials Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E Table US Research Nanomaterials Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E) Table Eprui Nanoparticles & Microspheres Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region) Figure Eprui Nanoparticles & Microspheres Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E Figure Eprui Nanoparticles & Microspheres Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E Table Eprui Nanoparticles & Microspheres Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E) Table Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region) Figure Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E Figure Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E Table Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E) Table Sigma Aldrich Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region) Figure Sigma Aldrich Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E Figure Sigma Aldrich Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E Table Sigma Aldrich Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E) Table Nanoshel Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region) Figure Nanoshel Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E Figure Nanoshel Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E Table Nanoshel Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E) Table NaBond Technologies Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region) Figure NaBond Technologies Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E Figure NaBond Technologies Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E Table NaBond Technologies Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E) Table Stream Chemical Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region) Figure Stream Chemical Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E Figure Stream Chemical Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E Table Stream Chemical Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E) Table Inframat Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region) Figure Inframat Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E Figure Inframat Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E Table Inframat Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E) Table Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production Value ($) by Region from 2014-2019E Table Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production Value Share by Region from 2014-2019E Table Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production by Region from 2014-2019E Table Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption Value ($) by Region from 2014-2019E Table Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption by Region from 2014-2019E Table North America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production, Ex-factory Price Revenue ($), Gross Margin (%) and Gross ($) Analysis from 2014-2019E Table North America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption, Terminal Price, Consumption Value ($) and Channel Margin Analysis from 2014-2019E Table North America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Import and Export from 2014-2019E Table North America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Value ($) by Type (2014-2019E) Table North America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production by Type (2014-2019E) Table North America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption by Application (2014-2019E) Table North America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption by Country (2014-2019E) Table North America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption Value ($) by Country (2014-2019E) Figure North America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market PEST Analysis Table Europe Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production, Ex-factory Price Revenue ($), Gross Margin (%) and Gross ($) Analysis from 2014-2019E Table Europe Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption, Terminal Price, Consumption Value ($) and Channel Margin Analysis from 2014-2019E Table Europe Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Import and Export from 2014-2019E Table Europe Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Value ($) by Type (2014-2019E) Table Europe Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production by Type (2014-2019E) Table Europe Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption by Application (2014-2019E) Table Europe Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption by Country (2014-2019E) Table Europe Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption Value ($) by Country (2014-2019E) Figure Europe Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market PEST Analysis Table Asia-Pacific Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production, Ex-factory Price Revenue ($), Gross Margin (%) and Gross ($) Analysis from 2014-2019E Table Asia-Pacific Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption, Terminal Price, Consumption Value ($) and Channel Margin Analysis from 2014-2019E Table Asia-Pacific Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Import and Export from 2014-2019E Table Asia-Pacific Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Value ($) by Type (2014-2019E) Table Asia-Pacific Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production by Type (2014-2019E) Table Asia-Pacific Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption by Application (2014-2019E) Table Asia-Pacific Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption by Country (2014-2019E) Table Asia-Pacific Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption Value ($) by Country (2014-2019E) Figure Asia-Pacific Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market PEST Analysis Table Latin America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production, Ex-factory Price Revenue ($), Gross Margin (%) and Gross ($) Analysis from 2014-2019E Table Latin America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption, Terminal Price, Consumption Value ($) and Channel Margin Analysis from 2014-2019E Table Latin America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Import and Export from 2014-2019E Table Latin America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Value ($) by Type (2014-2019E) Table Latin America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production by Type (2014-2019E) Table Latin America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption by Application (2014-2019E) Table Latin America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption by Country (2014-2019E) Table Latin America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption Value ($) by Country (2014-2019E) Figure Latin America Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market PEST Analysis Table Middle East & Africa Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production, Ex-factory Price Revenue ($), Gross Margin (%) and Gross ($) Analysis from 2014-2019E Table Middle East & Africa Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption, Terminal Price, Consumption Value ($) and Channel Margin Analysis from 2014-2019E Table Middle East & Africa Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Import and Export from 2014-2019E Table Middle East & Africa Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Value ($) by Type (2014-2019E) Table Middle East & Africa Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production by Type (2014-2019E) Table Middle East & Africa Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption by Application (2014-2019E) Table Middle East & Africa Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption by Country (2014-2019E) Table Middle East & Africa Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption Value ($) by Country (2014-2019E) Figure Middle East & Africa Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Market PEST Analysis Table Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2018-2026) Table Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2019-2026) Table Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2019-2026) Table Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Production and Growth Rate Forecast by Type (2019-2026) Table Global Magnesium Oxide Nanopowder Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast by Application (2019-2026)