Table of Contents 1 Market Overview 1.1 Material Jetting (MJ) Introduction 1.2 Market Analysis by Type 1.2.1 Overview: Global Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue by Type: 2015 VS 2019 VS 2025 1.2.2 Polymer Jetting 1.2.3 Metal Jetting 1.3 Market Analysis by Application 1.3.1 Overview: Global Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue by Application: 2015 VS 2019 VS 2025 1.3.2 Medical Industry 1.3.3 Jewelry Industry 1.3.4 Industrial Tools 1.3.5 Automotive Industry 1.4 Overview of Global Material Jetting (MJ) Market 1.4.1 Global Material Jetting (MJ) Market Status and Outlook (2015-2025) 1.4.2 North America (United States, Canada and Mexico) 1.4.3 Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia and Italy) 1.4.4 Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia) 1.4.5 South America, Middle East & Africa 1.5 Market Dynamics 1.5.1 Market Opportunities 1.5.2 Market Risk 1.5.3 Market Driving Force 2 Manufacturers Profiles 2.1 Stratasys 2.1.1 Stratasys Details 2.1.2 Stratasys Major Business and Total Revenue (Financial Highlights) Analysis 2.1.3 Stratasys SWOT Analysis 2.1.4 Stratasys Product and Services 2.1.5 Stratasys Material Jetting (MJ) Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019) 2.2 HP 2.2.1 HP Details 2.2.2 HP Major Business and Total Revenue (Financial Highlights) Analysis 2.2.3 HP SWOT Analysis 2.2.4 HP Product and Services 2.2.5 HP Material Jetting (MJ) Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019) 2.3 3D Systems 2.3.1 3D Systems Details 2.3.2 3D Systems Major Business and Total Revenue (Financial Highlights) Analysis 2.3.3 3D Systems SWOT Analysis 2.3.4 3D Systems Product and Services 2.3.5 3D Systems Material Jetting (MJ) Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019) 2.4 Keyence 2.4.1 Keyence Details 2.4.2 Keyence Major Business and Total Revenue (Financial Highlights) Analysis 2.4.3 Keyence SWOT Analysis 2.4.4 Keyence Product and Services 2.4.5 Keyence Material Jetting (MJ) Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019) 2.5 Xjet 2.5.1 Xjet Details 2.5.2 Xjet Major Business and Total Revenue (Financial Highlights) Analysis 2.5.3 Xjet SWOT Analysis 2.5.4 Xjet Product and Services 2.5.5 Xjet Material Jetting (MJ) Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019) 2.6 Vader Systems 2.6.1 Vader Systems Details 2.6.2 Vader Systems Major Business and Total Revenue (Financial Highlights) Analysis 2.6.3 Vader Systems SWOT Analysis 2.6.4 Vader Systems Product and Services 2.6.5 Vader Systems Material Jetting (MJ) Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019) 3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer 3.1 Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2018-2019) 3.2 Global Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2018-2019) 3.3 Market Concentration Rate 3.3.1 Top 3 Material Jetting (MJ) Manufacturer Market Share in 2019 3.3.2 Top 6 Material Jetting (MJ) Manufacturer Market Share in 2019 3.4 Market Competition Trend 4 Global Market Analysis by Regions 4.1 Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Regions 4.1.1 Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Market Share by Regions (2015-2020) 4.1.2 Global Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2015-2020) 4.2 North America Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 4.3 Europe Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 4.4 Asia-Pacific Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 4.5 South America Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 4.6 Middle East and Africa Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 5 North America by Country 5.1 North America Material Jetting (MJ) Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country 5.1.1 North America Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Market Share by Country (2015-2020) 5.1.2 North America Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue and Market Share by Country (2015-2020) 5.2 United States Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 5.3 Canada Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 5.4 Mexico Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 6 Europe by Country 6.1 Europe Material Jetting (MJ) Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country 6.1.1 Europe Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Market Share by Country (2015-2020) 6.1.2 Europe Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue and Market Share by Country (2015-2020) 6.2 Germany Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 6.3 UK Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 6.4 France Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 6.5 Russia Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 6.6 Italy Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 7 Asia-Pacific by Regions 7.1 Asia-Pacific Material Jetting (MJ) Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Regions 7.1.1 Asia-Pacific Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Market Share by Regions (2015-2020) 7.1.2 Asia-Pacific Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2015-2020) 7.2 China Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 7.3 Japan Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 7.4 Korea Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 7.5 India Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 7.6 Southeast Asia Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 7.7 Australia Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 8 South America by Country 8.1 South America Material Jetting (MJ) Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country 8.1.1 South America Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Market Share by Country (2015-2020) 8.1.2 South America Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue and Market Share by Country (2015-2020) 8.2 Brazil Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 8.3 Argentina Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 9 Middle East & Africa by Countries 9.1 Middle East & Africa Material Jetting (MJ) Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country 9.1.1 Middle East & Africa Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Market Share by Country (2015-2020) 9.1.2 Middle East & Africa Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue and Market Share by Country (2015-2020) 9.2 Saudi Arabia Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 9.3 Turkey Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 9.4 Egypt Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 9.5 South Africa Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 10 Market Segment by Type 10.1 Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Market Share by Type (2015-2020) 10.2 Global Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue and Market Share by Type (2015-2020) 10.3 Global Material Jetting (MJ) Price by Type (2015-2020) 11 Global Material Jetting (MJ) Market Segment by Application 11.1 Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Market Share by Application (2015-2020) 11.2 Global Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue Market Share by Application (2015-2020) 11.3 Global Material Jetting (MJ) Price by Application (2015-2020) 12 Market Forecast 12.1 Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2021-2025) 12.2 Material Jetting (MJ) Market Forecast by Regions (2021-2025) 12.2.1 North America Material Jetting (MJ) Market Forecast (2021-2025) 12.2.2 Europe Material Jetting (MJ) Market Forecast (2021-2025) 12.2.3 Asia-Pacific Material Jetting (MJ) Market Forecast (2021-2025) 12.2.4 South America Material Jetting (MJ) Market Forecast (2021-2025) 12.2.5 Middle East & Africa Material Jetting (MJ) Market Forecast (2021-2025) 12.3 Material Jetting (MJ) Market Forecast by Type (2021-2025) 12.3.1 Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Forecast by Type (2021-2025) 12.3.2 Global Material Jetting (MJ) Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2025) 12.4 Material Jetting (MJ) Market Forecast by Application (2021-2025) 12.4.1 Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Forecast by Application (2021-2025) 12.4.2 Global Material Jetting (MJ) Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2025) 13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers 13.1 Sales Channel 13.1.1 Direct Marketing 13.1.2 Indirect Marketing 13.2 Distributors, Traders and Dealers 14 Research Findings and Conclusion 15 Appendix 15.1 Methodology 15.2 Data Source 15.3 Disclaimer 15.4 About US

List of Tables Table 1. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (USD Million) by Type: 2015 VS 2019 VS 2025 Table 2. Breakdown of Material Jetting (MJ) by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) Table 3. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (USD Million) by Application: 2015 VS 2019 VS 2025 Table 4. Market Opportunities in Next Few Years Table 5. Market Risks Analysis Table 6. Market Drivers Table 7. Stratasys Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors Table 8. Stratasys Material Jetting (MJ) Major Business Table 9. Stratasys Material Jetting (MJ) Total Revenue (USD Million) (2017-2018) Table 10. Stratasys SWOT Analysis Table 11. Stratasys Material Jetting (MJ) Product and Services Table 12. Stratasys Material Jetting (MJ) Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019) Table 13. HP Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors Table 14. HP Material Jetting (MJ) Major Business Table 15. HP Material Jetting (MJ) Total Revenue (USD Million) (2017-2018) Table 16. HP SWOT Analysis Table 17. HP Material Jetting (MJ) Product and Services Table 18. HP Material Jetting (MJ) Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019) Table 19. 3D Systems Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors Table 20. 3D Systems Material Jetting (MJ) Major Business Table 21. 3D Systems Material Jetting (MJ) Total Revenue (USD Million) (2017-2018) Table 22. 3D Systems SWOT Analysis Table 23. 3D Systems Material Jetting (MJ) Product and Services Table 24. 3D Systems Material Jetting (MJ) Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019) Table 25. Keyence Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors Table 26. Keyence Material Jetting (MJ) Major Business Table 27. Keyence Material Jetting (MJ) Total Revenue (USD Million) (2017-2018) Table 28. Keyence SWOT Analysis Table 29. Keyence Material Jetting (MJ) Product and Services Table 30. Keyence Material Jetting (MJ) Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019) Table 31. Xjet Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors Table 32. Xjet Material Jetting (MJ) Major Business Table 33. Xjet Material Jetting (MJ) Total Revenue (USD Million) (2017-2018) Table 34. Xjet SWOT Analysis Table 35. Xjet Material Jetting (MJ) Product and Services Table 36. Xjet Material Jetting (MJ) Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019) Table 37. Vader Systems Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors Table 38. Vader Systems Material Jetting (MJ) Major Business Table 39. Vader Systems Material Jetting (MJ) Total Revenue (USD Million) (2017-2018) Table 40. Vader Systems SWOT Analysis Table 41. Vader Systems Material Jetting (MJ) Product and Services Table 42. Vader Systems Material Jetting (MJ) Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019) Table 43. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales by Manufacturer (2018-2019) (K Units) Table 44. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2019) (USD Million) Table 45. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales by Regions (2015-2020) (K Units) Table 46. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020) Table 47. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue by Regions (2015-2020) (USD Million) Table 48. North America Material Jetting (MJ) Sales by Countries (2015-2020) (K Units) Table 49. North America Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Table 50. North America Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue by Countries (2015-2020) (USD Million) Table 51. North America Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Table 52. Europe Material Jetting (MJ) Sales by Countries (2015-2020) (K Units) Table 53. Europe Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Table 54. Europe Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue by Countries (2015-2020) (USD Million) Table 55. Asia-Pacific Material Jetting (MJ) Sales by Regions (2015-2020) (K Units) Table 56. Asia-Pacific Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020) Table 57. Asia-Pacific Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue by Regions (2015-2020) (USD Million) Table 58. South America Material Jetting (MJ) Sales by Countries (2015-2020) (K Units) Table 59. South America Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Table 60. South America Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue by Countries (2015-2020) (USD Million) Table 61. South America Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Table 62. Middle East & Africa Material Jetting (MJ) Sales by Countries (2015-2020) (K Units) Table 63. Middle East & Africa Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Table 64. Middle East & Africa Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue by Countries (2015-2020) (USD Million) Table 65. Middle East & Africa Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Table 66. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales by Type (2015-2020) (K Units) Table 67. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Share by Type (2015-2020) Table 68. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue by Type (2015-2020) (USD Million) Table 69. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue Share by Type (2015-2020) Table 70. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales by Application (2015-2020) (K Units) Table 71. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Share by Application (2015-2020) Table 72. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Forecast by Regions (2021-2025) (K Units) Table 73. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Market Share Forecast by Regions (2021-2025) Table 74. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Forecast by Type (2021-2025) (K Units) Table 75. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2025) Table 76. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Forecast by Application (2021-2025) Table 77. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2025) Table 78. Direct Channel Pros & Cons Table 79. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons Table 80. Distributors/Traders/ Dealers List List of Figures Figure 1. Material Jetting (MJ) Picture Figure 2. Global Sales Market Share of Material Jetting (MJ) by Type in 2019 Figure 3. Polymer Jetting Picture Figure 4. Metal Jetting Picture Figure 5. Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Market Share by Application in 2018 Figure 6. Medical Industry Picture Figure 7. Jewelry Industry Picture Figure 8. Industrial Tools Picture Figure 9. Automotive Industry Picture Figure 10. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Market Status and Outlook (2015-2025) (USD Million) Figure 11. United States Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025) Figure 12. Canada Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025) Figure 13. Mexico Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025) Figure 14. Germany Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025) Figure 15. France Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025) Figure 16. UK Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025) Figure 17. Russia Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025) Figure 18. Italy Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025) Figure 19. China Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025) Figure 20. Japan Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025) Figure 21. Korea Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025) Figure 22. India Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025) Figure 23. Southeast Asia Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025) Figure 24. Australia Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025) (USD Million) Figure 25. Brazil Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025) Figure 26. Egypt Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025) Figure 27. Saudi Arabia Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025) Figure 28. South Africa Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025) Figure 29. Turkey Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025) Figure 30. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2019 Figure 31. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2019 Figure 32. Top 3 Material Jetting (MJ) Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2019 Figure 33. Top 6 Material Jetting (MJ) Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2019 Figure 34. Key Manufacturer Market Share Trend Figure 35. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units) Figure 36. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (USD Million) Figure 37. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020) Figure 38. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018 Figure 39. North America Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure 40. Europe Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure 41. Asia-Pacific Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure 42. South America Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure 43. Middle East & Africa Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure 44. North America Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (USD Million) Figure 45. North America Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure 46. North America Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Market Share by Countries in 2018 Figure 47. North America Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) (USD Million) Figure 48. North America Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2018 Figure 49. United States Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units) Figure 50. Canada Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units) Figure 51. Mexico Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units) Figure 52. Europe Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (USD Million) Figure 53. Europe Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure 54. Europe Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019 Figure 55. Germany Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units) Figure 56. UK Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units) Figure 57. France Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units) Figure 58. Russia Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units) Figure 59. Italy Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units) Figure 60. Asia-Pacific Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (USD Million) Figure 61. Asia-Pacific Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Market Share by Regions 2019 Figure 62. Asia-Pacific Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue Market Share by Regions 2019 Figure 63. China Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units) Figure 64. Japan Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units) Figure 65. Korea Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units) Figure 66. India Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units) Figure 67. Southeast Asia Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units) Figure 68. South America Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (USD Million) Figure 69. South America Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Market Share by Countries in 2019 Figure 70. South America Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019 Figure 71. Brazil Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units) Figure 72. Argentina Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units) Figure 73. Middle East and Africa Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (USD Million) Figure 74. Middle East and Africa Material Jetting (MJ) Sales Market Share by Countries in 2019 Figure 75. Middle East and Africa Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure 76. Middle East and Africa Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019 Figure 77. Saudi Arabia Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units) Figure 78. Egypt Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units) Figure 79. Turkey Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units) Figure 80. South Africa Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units) Figure 81. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Sales and Growth Rate (2021-2025) (K Units) Figure 82. Global Material Jetting (MJ) Revenue and Growth Rate (2021-2025) (USD Million) Figure 83. North America Sales Material Jetting (MJ) Market Forecast (2021-2025) (K Units) Figure 84. Europe Sales Material Jetting (MJ) Market Forecast (2021-2025) (K Units) Figure 85. Asia-Pacific Sales Material Jetting (MJ) Market Forecast (2021-2025) (K Units) Figure 86. South America Sales Material Jetting (MJ) Market Forecast (2021-2025) (K Units) Figure 87. Middle East & Africa Sales Material Jetting (MJ) Market Forecast (2021-2025) (K Units) Figure 88. Sales Channel: Direct Channel vs Indirect Channel