Table of Contents 1 Hydraulic Couplings Market Overview 1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Hydraulic Couplings 1.2 Hydraulic Couplings Segment by Type 1.2.1 Global Hydraulic Couplings Production and CAGR (%) Comparison by Type (2014-2026) 1.2.2 The Market Profile of Constant-fill fluid couplings 1.2.3 The Market Profile of Fill-controlled fluid couplings 1.3 Global Hydraulic Couplings Segment by Application 1.3.1 Hydraulic Couplings Consumption (Sales) Comparison by Application (2014-2026) 1.3.2 The Market Profile of Conveying systems (also underground) 1.3.3 The Market Profile of Centrifuges 1.3.4 The Market Profile of Mixers 1.3.5 The Market Profile of Drum drives 1.3.6 The Market Profile of Crushers 1.4 Global Hydraulic Couplings Market by Region (2014-2026) 1.4.1 Global Hydraulic Couplings Market Size (Value) and CAGR (%) Comparison by Region (2014-2026) 1.4.2 United States Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.3 Europe Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.3.1 Germany Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.3.2 UK Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.3.3 France Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.3.4 Italy Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.3.5 Spain Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.3.6 Russia Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.3.7 Poland Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.4 China Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.5 Japan Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.6 India Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.7 Southeast Asia Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.7.1 Malaysia Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.7.2 Singapore Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.7.3 Philippines Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.7.4 Indonesia Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.7.5 Thailand Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.7.6 Vietnam Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.8 Central and South America Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.8.1 Brazil Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.8.2 Mexico Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.8.3 Colombia Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.9 Middle East and Africa Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.9.1 Saudi Arabia Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.9.2 United Arab Emirates Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.9.3 Turkey Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.9.4 Egypt Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.9.5 South Africa Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.4.9.6 Nigeria Hydraulic Couplings Market Status and Prospect (2014-2026) 1.5 Global Market Size (Value) of Hydraulic Couplings (2014-2026) 1.5.1 Global Hydraulic Couplings Revenue Status and Outlook (2014-2026) 1.5.2 Global Hydraulic Couplings Production Status and Outlook (2014-2026) 2 Global Hydraulic Couplings Market Landscape by Player 2.1 Global Hydraulic Couplings Production and Share by Player (2014-2019) 2.2 Global Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Market Share by Player (2014-2019) 2.3 Global Hydraulic Couplings Average Price by Player (2014-2019) 2.4 Hydraulic Couplings Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area and Product Type by Player 2.5 Hydraulic Couplings Market Competitive Situation and Trends 2.5.1 Hydraulic Couplings Market Concentration Rate 2.5.2 Hydraulic Couplings Market Share of Top 3 and Top 6 Players 2.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion 3 Players Profiles 3.1 KTR 3.1.1 KTR Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 3.1.2 Hydraulic Couplings Product Profiles, Application and Specification 3.1.3 KTR Hydraulic Couplings Market Performance (2014-2019) 3.1.4 KTR Business Overview 3.2 Siemens 3.2.1 Siemens Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 3.2.2 Hydraulic Couplings Product Profiles, Application and Specification 3.2.3 Siemens Hydraulic Couplings Market Performance (2014-2019) 3.2.4 Siemens Business Overview 3.3 Wichita Clutch 3.3.1 Wichita Clutch Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 3.3.2 Hydraulic Couplings Product Profiles, Application and Specification 3.3.3 Wichita Clutch Hydraulic Couplings Market Performance (2014-2019) 3.3.4 Wichita Clutch Business Overview 3.4 Trans Fluid 3.4.1 Trans Fluid Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 3.4.2 Hydraulic Couplings Product Profiles, Application and Specification 3.4.3 Trans Fluid Hydraulic Couplings Market Performance (2014-2019) 3.4.4 Trans Fluid Business Overview 3.5 Baldor 3.5.1 Baldor Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 3.5.2 Hydraulic Couplings Product Profiles, Application and Specification 3.5.3 Baldor Hydraulic Couplings Market Performance (2014-2019) 3.5.4 Baldor Business Overview 3.6 Rexnord 3.6.1 Rexnord Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 3.6.2 Hydraulic Couplings Product Profiles, Application and Specification 3.6.3 Rexnord Hydraulic Couplings Market Performance (2014-2019) 3.6.4 Rexnord Business Overview 3.7 Kraft Power Corporation 3.7.1 Kraft Power Corporation Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 3.7.2 Hydraulic Couplings Product Profiles, Application and Specification 3.7.3 Kraft Power Corporation Hydraulic Couplings Market Performance (2014-2019) 3.7.4 Kraft Power Corporation Business Overview 3.8 Voith 3.8.1 Voith Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 3.8.2 Hydraulic Couplings Product Profiles, Application and Specification 3.8.3 Voith Hydraulic Couplings Market Performance (2014-2019) 3.8.4 Voith Business Overview 3.9 Dalian Fluid Coupling 3.9.1 Dalian Fluid Coupling Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Competitors 3.9.2 Hydraulic Couplings Product Profiles, Application and Specification 3.9.3 Dalian Fluid Coupling Hydraulic Couplings Market Performance (2014-2019) 3.9.4 Dalian Fluid Coupling Business Overview 4 Global Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type 4.1 Global Hydraulic Couplings Production and Market Share by Type (2014-2019) 4.2 Global Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Market Share by Type (2014-2019) 4.3 Global Hydraulic Couplings Price by Type (2014-2019) 4.4 Global Hydraulic Couplings Production Growth Rate by Type (2014-2019) 4.4.1 Global Hydraulic Couplings Production Growth Rate of Constant-fill fluid couplings (2014-2019) 4.4.2 Global Hydraulic Couplings Production Growth Rate of Fill-controlled fluid couplings (2014-2019) 5 Global Hydraulic Couplings Market Analysis by Application 5.1 Global Hydraulic Couplings Consumption and Market Share by Application (2014-2019) 5.2 Global Hydraulic Couplings Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2014-2019) 5.2.1 Global Hydraulic Couplings Consumption Growth Rate of Conveying systems (also underground) (2014-2019) 5.2.2 Global Hydraulic Couplings Consumption Growth Rate of Centrifuges (2014-2019) 5.2.3 Global Hydraulic Couplings Consumption Growth Rate of Mixers (2014-2019) 5.2.4 Global Hydraulic Couplings Consumption Growth Rate of Drum drives (2014-2019) 5.2.5 Global Hydraulic Couplings Consumption Growth Rate of Crushers (2014-2019) 6 Global Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Region (2014-2019) 6.1 Global Hydraulic Couplings Consumption by Region (2014-2019) 6.2 United States Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) 6.3 Europe Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) 6.4 China Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) 6.5 Japan Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) 6.6 India Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) 6.7 Southeast Asia Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) 6.8 Central and South America Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) 6.9 Middle East and Africa Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) 7 Global Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue (Value) by Region (2014-2019) 7.1 Global Hydraulic Couplings Production and Market Share by Region (2014-2019) 7.2 Global Hydraulic Couplings Revenue (Value) and Market Share by Region (2014-2019) 7.3 Global Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 7.4 United States Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 7.5 Europe Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 7.6 China Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 7.7 Japan Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 7.8 India Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 7.9 Southeast Asia Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 7.10 Central and South America Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 7.11 Middle East and Africa Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) 8 Hydraulic Couplings Manufacturing Analysis 8.1 Hydraulic Couplings Key Raw Materials Analysis 8.1.1 Key Raw Materials Introduction 8.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials 8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials 8.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials 8.2 Manufacturing Cost Analysis 8.2.1 Labor Cost Analysis 8.2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis 8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Hydraulic Couplings 9 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers 9.1 Hydraulic Couplings Industrial Chain Analysis 9.2 Raw Materials Sources of Hydraulic Couplings Major Players in 2018 9.3 Downstream Buyers 10 Market Dynamics 10.1 Drivers 10.2 Restraints 10.3 Opportunities 10.3.1 Advances in Innovation and Technology for Hydraulic Couplings 10.3.2 Increased Demand in Emerging Markets 10.4 Challenges 10.4.1 The Performance of Alternative Product Type is Getting Better and Better 10.4.2 Price Variance Caused by Fluctuations in Raw Material Prices 10.5 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 10.5.1 Threat of New Entrants 10.5.2 Threat of Substitutes 10.5.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers 10.5.4 Bargaining Power of Buyers 10.5.5 Intensity of Competitive Rivalry 11 Global Hydraulic Couplings Market Forecast (2019-2026) 11.1 Global Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue Forecast (2019-2026) 11.1.1 Global Hydraulic Couplings Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) 11.1.2 Global Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) 11.1.3 Global Hydraulic Couplings Price and Trend Forecast (2019-2026) 11.2 Global Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast by Region (2019-2026) 11.2.1 United States Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) 11.2.2 Europe Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) 11.2.3 China Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) 11.2.4 Japan Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) 11.2.5 India Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) 11.2.6 Southeast Asia Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) 11.2.7 Central and South America Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) 11.2.8 Middle East and Africa Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) 11.3 Global Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2019-2026) 11.4 Global Hydraulic Couplings Consumption Forecast by Application (2019-2026) 12 Research Findings and Conclusion 13 Appendix 13.1 Methodology 13.2 Research Data Source

List of Tables and Figures Figure Hydraulic Couplings Product Picture Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Production and CAGR (%) Comparison by Type Table Profile of Constant-fill fluid couplings Table Profile of Fill-controlled fluid couplings Table Hydraulic Couplings Consumption (Sales) Comparison by Application (2014-2026) Table Profile of Conveying systems (also underground) Table Profile of Centrifuges Table Profile of Mixers Table Profile of Drum drives Table Profile of Crushers Figure Global Hydraulic Couplings Market Size (Value) and CAGR (%) (2014-2026) Figure United States Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Europe Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Germany Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure UK Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure France Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Italy Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Spain Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Russia Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Poland Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure China Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Japan Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure India Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Southeast Asia Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Malaysia Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Singapore Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Philippines Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Indonesia Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Thailand Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Vietnam Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Central and South America Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Brazil Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Mexico Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Colombia Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Middle East and Africa Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Saudi Arabia Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure United Arab Emirates Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Turkey Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Egypt Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure South Africa Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Nigeria Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2026) Figure Global Hydraulic Couplings Production Status and Outlook (2014-2026) Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Production by Player (2014-2019) Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Production Share by Player (2014-2019) Figure Global Hydraulic Couplings Production Share by Player in 2018 Table Hydraulic Couplings Revenue by Player (2014-2019) Table Hydraulic Couplings Revenue Market Share by Player (2014-2019) Table Hydraulic Couplings Price by Player (2014-2019) Table Hydraulic Couplings Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area by Player Table Hydraulic Couplings Product Type by Player Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans Table KTR Profile Table KTR Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Siemens Profile Table Siemens Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Wichita Clutch Profile Table Wichita Clutch Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Trans Fluid Profile Table Trans Fluid Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Baldor Profile Table Baldor Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Rexnord Profile Table Rexnord Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Kraft Power Corporation Profile Table Kraft Power Corporation Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Voith Profile Table Voith Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Dalian Fluid Coupling Profile Table Dalian Fluid Coupling Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Production by Type (2014-2019) Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Production Market Share by Type (2014-2019) Figure Global Hydraulic Couplings Production Market Share by Type in 2018 Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Revenue by Type (2014-2019) Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Revenue Market Share by Type (2014-2019) Figure Global Hydraulic Couplings Revenue Market Share by Type in 2018 Table Hydraulic Couplings Price by Type (2014-2019) Figure Global Hydraulic Couplings Production Growth Rate of Constant-fill fluid couplings (2014-2019) Figure Global Hydraulic Couplings Production Growth Rate of Fill-controlled fluid couplings (2014-2019) Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Consumption by Application (2014-2019) Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019) Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Consumption of Conveying systems (also underground) (2014-2019) Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Consumption of Centrifuges (2014-2019) Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Consumption of Mixers (2014-2019) Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Consumption of Drum drives (2014-2019) Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Consumption of Crushers (2014-2019) Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Consumption by Region (2014-2019) Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Consumption Market Share by Region (2014-2019) Table United States Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) Table Europe Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) Table China Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) Table Japan Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) Table India Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) Table Southeast Asia Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) Table Central and South America Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) Table Middle East and Africa Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2014-2019) Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Production by Region (2014-2019) Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Production Market Share by Region (2014-2019) Figure Global Hydraulic Couplings Production Market Share by Region (2014-2019) Figure Global Hydraulic Couplings Production Market Share by Region in 2018 Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Revenue by Region (2014-2019) Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Revenue Market Share by Region (2014-2019) Figure Global Hydraulic Couplings Revenue Market Share by Region (2014-2019) Figure Global Hydraulic Couplings Revenue Market Share by Region in 2018 Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table United States Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Europe Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table China Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Japan Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table India Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Southeast Asia Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Central and South America Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Middle East and Africa Hydraulic Couplings Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019) Table Key Raw Materials Introduction of Hydraulic Couplings Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials Figure Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Hydraulic Couplings Figure Hydraulic Couplings Industrial Chain Analysis Table Raw Materials Sources of Hydraulic Couplings Major Players in 2018 Table Downstream Buyers Figure Global Hydraulic Couplings Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Global Hydraulic Couplings Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2026) Figure Global Hydraulic Couplings Price and Trend Forecast (2019-2026) Table United States Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) Table Europe Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) Table China Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) Table Japan Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) Table India Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) Table Southeast Asia Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) Table Southeast Asia Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) Table Middle East and Africa Hydraulic Couplings Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2019-2026) Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Market Production Forecast, by Type Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Production Volume Market Share Forecast, by Type Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Market Revenue Forecast, by Type Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Revenue Market Share Forecast, by Type Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Price Forecast, by Type Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Market Production Forecast, by Application Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Production Volume Market Share Forecast, by Application Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Market Revenue Forecast, by Application Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Revenue Market Share Forecast, by Application Table Global Hydraulic Couplings Price Forecast, by Application