Global CCD Spectroradiometer Market Research Report 2021
SKU ID : QYR-17285556 | Publishing Date : 28-Jan-2021 | No. of pages : 93
Detailed TOC of Global CCD Spectroradiometer Market Research Report 2021
1 CCD Spectroradiometer Market Overview1.1 Product Overview and Scope of CCD Spectroradiometer
1.2 CCD Spectroradiometer Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Market Size Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2021 VS 2027
1.2.2 Portable
1.2.3 Bench-top
1.3 CCD Spectroradiometer Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Comparison by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
1.3.2 Agricultural
1.3.3 Biological
1.3.4 Chemical
1.3.5 Geological
1.3.6 Food
1.3.7 Other
1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.4.1 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.4.2 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.4.3 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Production Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Market by Region
1.5.1 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Market Size Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
1.5.2 North America CCD Spectroradiometer Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.3 Europe CCD Spectroradiometer Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.5 China CCD Spectroradiometer Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.5 Japan CCD Spectroradiometer Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.2 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.3 CCD Spectroradiometer Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.4 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Average Price by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.5 Manufacturers CCD Spectroradiometer Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types
2.6 CCD Spectroradiometer Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.6.1 CCD Spectroradiometer Market Concentration Rate
2.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest CCD Spectroradiometer Players Market Share by Revenue
2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Production and Capacity by Region
3.1 Global Production Capacity of CCD Spectroradiometer Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
3.2 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
3.3 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.4 North America CCD Spectroradiometer Production
3.4.1 North America CCD Spectroradiometer Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.4.2 North America CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.5 Europe CCD Spectroradiometer Production
3.5.1 Europe CCD Spectroradiometer Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.5.2 Europe CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.6 China CCD Spectroradiometer Production
3.6.1 China CCD Spectroradiometer Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.6.2 China CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.7 Japan CCD Spectroradiometer Production
3.7.1 Japan CCD Spectroradiometer Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.7.2 Japan CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
4 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption by Region
4.1 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption by Region
4.1.1 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption by Region
4.1.2 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Market Share by Region
4.2 North America
4.2.1 North America CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption by Country
4.2.2 U.S.
4.2.3 Canada
4.3 Europe
4.3.1 Europe CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption by Country
4.3.2 Germany
4.3.3 France
4.3.4 U.K.
4.3.5 Italy
4.3.6 Russia
4.4 Asia Pacific
4.4.1 Asia Pacific CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption by Region
4.4.2 China
4.4.3 Japan
4.4.4 South Korea
4.4.5 Taiwan
4.4.6 Southeast Asia
4.4.7 India
4.4.8 Australia
4.5 Latin America
4.5.1 Latin America CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption by Country
4.5.2 Mexico
4.5.3 Brazil
5 Production, Revenue, Price Trend by Type
5.1 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Production Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
5.2 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
5.3 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Price by Type (2016-2021)
6 Consumption Analysis by Application
6.1 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
6.2 Global CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)
7 Key Companies Profiled
7.1 Lisun Group
7.1.1 Lisun Group CCD Spectroradiometer Corporation Information
7.1.2 Lisun Group CCD Spectroradiometer Product Portfolio
7.1.3 Lisun Group CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.1.4 Lisun Group Main Business and Markets Served
7.1.5 Lisun Group Recent Developments/Updates
7.2 Apogee Instruments
7.2.1 Apogee Instruments CCD Spectroradiometer Corporation Information
7.2.2 Apogee Instruments CCD Spectroradiometer Product Portfolio
7.2.3 Apogee Instruments CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.2.4 Apogee Instruments Main Business and Markets Served
7.2.5 Apogee Instruments Recent Developments/Updates
7.3 Gamma Scientific
7.3.1 Gamma Scientific CCD Spectroradiometer Corporation Information
7.3.2 Gamma Scientific CCD Spectroradiometer Product Portfolio
7.3.3 Gamma Scientific CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.3.4 Gamma Scientific Main Business and Markets Served
7.3.5 Gamma Scientific Recent Developments/Updates
7.4 EVERUPING Optics
7.4.1 EVERUPING Optics CCD Spectroradiometer Corporation Information
7.4.2 EVERUPING Optics CCD Spectroradiometer Product Portfolio
7.4.3 EVERUPING Optics CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.4.4 EVERUPING Optics Main Business and Markets Served
7.4.5 EVERUPING Optics Recent Developments/Updates
7.5 Stellarnet
7.5.1 Stellarnet CCD Spectroradiometer Corporation Information
7.5.2 Stellarnet CCD Spectroradiometer Product Portfolio
7.5.3 Stellarnet CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.5.4 Stellarnet Main Business and Markets Served
7.5.5 Stellarnet Recent Developments/Updates
8 CCD Spectroradiometer Manufacturing Cost Analysis
8.1 CCD Spectroradiometer Key Raw Materials Analysis
8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
8.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price Trend
8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of CCD Spectroradiometer
8.4 CCD Spectroradiometer Industrial Chain Analysis
9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers
9.1 Marketing Channel
9.2 CCD Spectroradiometer Distributors List
9.3 CCD Spectroradiometer Customers
10 Market Dynamics
10.1 CCD Spectroradiometer Industry Trends
10.2 CCD Spectroradiometer Growth Drivers
10.3 CCD Spectroradiometer Market Challenges
10.4 CCD Spectroradiometer Market Restraints
11 Production and Supply Forecast
11.1 Global Forecasted Production of CCD Spectroradiometer by Region (2022-2027)
11.2 North America CCD Spectroradiometer Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.3 Europe CCD Spectroradiometer Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.4 China CCD Spectroradiometer Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.5 Japan CCD Spectroradiometer Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
12 Consumption and Demand Forecast
12.1 Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of CCD Spectroradiometer
12.2 North America Forecasted Consumption of CCD Spectroradiometer by Country
12.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of CCD Spectroradiometer by Country
12.4 Asia Pacific Market Forecasted Consumption of CCD Spectroradiometer by Region
12.5 Latin America Forecasted Consumption of CCD Spectroradiometer by Country
13 Forecast by Type and by Application (2022-2027)
13.1 Global Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.1 Global Forecasted Production of CCD Spectroradiometer by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of CCD Spectroradiometer by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of CCD Spectroradiometer by Type (2022-2027)
13.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of CCD Spectroradiometer by Application (2022-2027)
14 Research Finding and Conclusion
15 Methodology and Data Source
15.1 Methodology/Research Approach
15.1.1 Research Programs/Design
15.1.2 Market Size Estimation
15.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
15.2 Data Source
15.2.1 Secondary Sources
15.2.2 Primary Sources
15.3 Author List
15.4 Disclaimer
List of Figures, Tables and Charts Available in Global CCD Spectroradiometer Market Research Report 2021
List of TablesTable 1. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Market Size by Type (K Units) & (US$ Million) (2021 VS 2027)
Table 2. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption (K Units) Comparison by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Table 3. CCD Spectroradiometer Market Size Comparison by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Table 4. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity (K Units) by Manufacturers
Table 5. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Production (K Units) by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 6. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 7. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Revenue (US$ Million) by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 8. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in CCD Spectroradiometer as of 2020)
Table 10. Global Market CCD Spectroradiometer Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 11. Manufacturers CCD Spectroradiometer Production Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers CCD Spectroradiometer Product Types
Table 13. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 14. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity (K Units) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 15. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Production (K Units) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 16. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Revenue (US$ Million) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 17. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 18. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 19. North America CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 20. Europe CCD Spectroradiometer Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 21. China CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 22. Japan CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 23. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Market by Region (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 24. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 25. North America CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 26. Europe CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 27. Asia Pacific CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption by Region (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 28. Latin America CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption by Countries (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 29. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Production (K Units) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 30. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Production Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 31. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 32. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Revenue Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 33. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 34. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption by Application (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 35. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 36. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)
Table 37. Lisun Group CCD Spectroradiometer Corporation Information
Table 38. Lisun Group Specification and Application
Table 39. Lisun Group CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 40. Lisun Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 41. Lisun Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 42. Apogee Instruments CCD Spectroradiometer Corporation Information
Table 43. Apogee Instruments Specification and Application
Table 44. Apogee Instruments CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 45. Apogee Instruments Main Business and Markets Served
Table 46. Apogee Instruments Recent Developments/Updates
Table 47. Gamma Scientific CCD Spectroradiometer Corporation Information
Table 48. Gamma Scientific Specification and Application
Table 49. Gamma Scientific CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 50. Gamma Scientific Main Business and Markets Served
Table 51. Gamma Scientific Recent Developments/Updates
Table 52. EVERUPING Optics CCD Spectroradiometer Corporation Information
Table 53. EVERUPING Optics Specification and Application
Table 54. EVERUPING Optics CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 55. EVERUPING Optics Main Business and Markets Served
Table 56. EVERUPING Optics Recent Developments/Updates
Table 57. Stellarnet CCD Spectroradiometer Corporation Information
Table 58. Stellarnet Specification and Application
Table 59. Stellarnet CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 60. Stellarnet Main Business and Markets Served
Table 61. Stellarnet Recent Developments/Updates
Table 62. Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Table 63. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Table 64. CCD Spectroradiometer Distributors List
Table 65. CCD Spectroradiometer Customers List
Table 66. CCD Spectroradiometer Market Trends
Table 67. CCD Spectroradiometer Growth Drivers
Table 68. CCD Spectroradiometer Market Challenges
Table 69. CCD Spectroradiometer Market Restraints
Table 70. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Table 71. North America CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 72. Europe CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 73. Asia Pacific CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Forecast by Region (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 74. Latin America CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 75. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Production Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 76. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Revenue Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (US$ Million)
Table 77. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (USD/Unit)
Table 78. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption (K Units) Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table 79. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 80. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 81. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of CCD Spectroradiometer
Figure 2. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Market Share by Type: 2020 VS 2027
Figure 3. Portable Product Picture
Figure 4. Bench-top Product Picture
Figure 5. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Market Share by Application: 2020 VS 2027
Figure 6. Agricultural
Figure 7. Biological
Figure 8. Chemical
Figure 9. Geological
Figure 10. Food
Figure 11. Other
Figure 12. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Revenue (US$ Million), 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Figure 13. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Revenue (US$ Million) (2016-2027)
Figure 14. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Production Capacity (K Units) & (2016-2027)
Figure 15. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Production (K Units) & (2016-2027)
Figure 16. North America CCD Spectroradiometer Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 17. Europe CCD Spectroradiometer Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 18. China CCD Spectroradiometer Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 19. Japan CCD Spectroradiometer Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 20. CCD Spectroradiometer Production Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 21. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 22. CCD Spectroradiometer Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2016 VS 2020
Figure 23. Global Market CCD Spectroradiometer Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 24. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by CCD Spectroradiometer Revenue in 2020
Figure 25. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Production Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Figure 26. North America CCD Spectroradiometer Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 27. Europe CCD Spectroradiometer Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 28. China CCD Spectroradiometer Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 29. Japan CCD Spectroradiometer Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 30. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Figure 31. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Market Share by Region in 2020
Figure 32. North America CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 33. North America CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 34. Canada CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 35. U.S. CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 36. Europe CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 37. Europe CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 38. Germany America CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 39. France CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 40. U.K. CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 41. Italy CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 42. Russia CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 43. Asia Pacific CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 44. Asia Pacific CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2020
Figure 45. China CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 46. Japan CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 47. South Korea CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 48. Taiwan CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 49. Southeast Asia CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 50. India CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 51. Australia CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 52. Latin America CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 53. Latin America CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 54. Mexico CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 55. Brazil CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 56. Production Market Share of CCD Spectroradiometer by Type (2016-2021)
Figure 57. Production Market Share of CCD Spectroradiometer by Type in 2020
Figure 58. Revenue Share of CCD Spectroradiometer by Type (2016-2021)
Figure 59. Revenue Market Share of CCD Spectroradiometer by Type in 2020
Figure 60. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Figure 61. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 62. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)
Figure 63. Key Raw Materials Price Trend
Figure 64. Manufacturing Cost Structure of CCD Spectroradiometer
Figure 65. Manufacturing Process Analysis of CCD Spectroradiometer
Figure 66. CCD Spectroradiometer Industrial Chain Analysis
Figure 67. Channels of Distribution
Figure 68. Distributors Profiles
Figure 69. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Figure 70. North America CCD Spectroradiometer Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 71. Europe CCD Spectroradiometer Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 72. China CCD Spectroradiometer Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 73. Japan CCD Spectroradiometer Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 74. Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of CCD Spectroradiometer (2015-2027) & (K Units)
Figure 75. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Production Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Figure 76. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Figure 77. Global CCD Spectroradiometer Consumption Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Figure 78. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 79. Data Triangulation
Keyplayers in Global CCD Spectroradiometer Market Research Report 2021
Lisun GroupApogee Instruments
Gamma Scientific
EVERUPING Optics
Stellarnet