Global Carotene Market Research Report 2021
SKU ID : QYR-17269007 | Publishing Date : 27-Jan-2021 | No. of pages : 93
Detailed TOC of Global Carotene Market Research Report 2021
1 Carotene Market Overview1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Carotene
1.2 Carotene Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Carotene Market Size Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2021 VS 2027
1.2.2 α-Carotene
1.2.3 β-Carotene
1.3 Carotene Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global Carotene Consumption Comparison by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
1.3.2 Food & Beverages
1.3.3 Pharmaceuticals & Dietary Supplements
1.3.4 Personal Care & Cosmetics
1.3.5 Animal Feed Industries
1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.4.1 Global Carotene Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.4.2 Global Carotene Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.4.3 Global Carotene Production Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5 Global Carotene Market by Region
1.5.1 Global Carotene Market Size Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
1.5.2 North America Carotene Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.3 Europe Carotene Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.5 China Carotene Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.5 India Carotene Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Carotene Production Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.2 Global Carotene Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.3 Carotene Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.4 Global Carotene Average Price by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.5 Manufacturers Carotene Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types
2.6 Carotene Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.6.1 Carotene Market Concentration Rate
2.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Carotene Players Market Share by Revenue
2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Production and Capacity by Region
3.1 Global Production Capacity of Carotene Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
3.2 Global Carotene Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
3.3 Global Carotene Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.4 North America Carotene Production
3.4.1 North America Carotene Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.4.2 North America Carotene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.5 Europe Carotene Production
3.5.1 Europe Carotene Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.5.2 Europe Carotene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.6 China Carotene Production
3.6.1 China Carotene Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.6.2 China Carotene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.7 India Carotene Production
3.7.1 India Carotene Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.7.2 India Carotene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
4 Global Carotene Consumption by Region
4.1 Global Carotene Consumption by Region
4.1.1 Global Carotene Consumption by Region
4.1.2 Global Carotene Consumption Market Share by Region
4.2 North America
4.2.1 North America Carotene Consumption by Country
4.2.2 U.S.
4.2.3 Canada
4.3 Europe
4.3.1 Europe Carotene Consumption by Country
4.3.2 Germany
4.3.3 France
4.3.4 U.K.
4.3.5 Italy
4.3.6 Russia
4.4 Asia Pacific
4.4.1 Asia Pacific Carotene Consumption by Region
4.4.2 China
4.4.3 Japan
4.4.4 South Korea
4.4.5 Taiwan
4.4.6 Southeast Asia
4.4.7 India
4.4.8 Australia
4.5 Latin America
4.5.1 Latin America Carotene Consumption by Country
4.5.2 Mexico
4.5.3 Brazil
5 Production, Revenue, Price Trend by Type
5.1 Global Carotene Production Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
5.2 Global Carotene Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
5.3 Global Carotene Price by Type (2016-2021)
6 Consumption Analysis by Application
6.1 Global Carotene Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
6.2 Global Carotene Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)
7 Key Companies Profiled
7.1 DSM
7.1.1 DSM Carotene Corporation Information
7.1.2 DSM Carotene Product Portfolio
7.1.3 DSM Carotene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.1.4 DSM Main Business and Markets Served
7.1.5 DSM Recent Developments/Updates
7.2 BASF
7.2.1 BASF Carotene Corporation Information
7.2.2 BASF Carotene Product Portfolio
7.2.3 BASF Carotene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.2.4 BASF Main Business and Markets Served
7.2.5 BASF Recent Developments/Updates
7.3 Chempoint
7.3.1 Chempoint Carotene Corporation Information
7.3.2 Chempoint Carotene Product Portfolio
7.3.3 Chempoint Carotene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.3.4 Chempoint Main Business and Markets Served
7.3.5 Chempoint Recent Developments/Updates
7.4 Vinayak Ingredients
7.4.1 Vinayak Ingredients Carotene Corporation Information
7.4.2 Vinayak Ingredients Carotene Product Portfolio
7.4.3 Vinayak Ingredients Carotene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.4.4 Vinayak Ingredients Main Business and Markets Served
7.4.5 Vinayak Ingredients Recent Developments/Updates
7.5 KANEGRADE
7.5.1 KANEGRADE Carotene Corporation Information
7.5.2 KANEGRADE Carotene Product Portfolio
7.5.3 KANEGRADE Carotene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.5.4 KANEGRADE Main Business and Markets Served
7.5.5 KANEGRADE Recent Developments/Updates
7.6 ChemFaces
7.6.1 ChemFaces Carotene Corporation Information
7.6.2 ChemFaces Carotene Product Portfolio
7.6.3 ChemFaces Carotene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.6.4 ChemFaces Main Business and Markets Served
7.6.5 ChemFaces Recent Developments/Updates
7.7 Rajvi Enterprise
7.7.1 Rajvi Enterprise Carotene Corporation Information
7.7.2 Rajvi Enterprise Carotene Product Portfolio
7.7.3 Rajvi Enterprise Carotene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.7.4 Rajvi Enterprise Main Business and Markets Served
7.7.5 Rajvi Enterprise Recent Developments/Updates
7.8 Daxinpharm
7.8.1 Daxinpharm Carotene Corporation Information
7.8.2 Daxinpharm Carotene Product Portfolio
7.8.3 Daxinpharm Carotene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.8.4 Daxinpharm Main Business and Markets Served
7.7.5 Daxinpharm Recent Developments/Updates
7.9 Unilex Colours & Chemicals Limited
7.9.1 Unilex Colours & Chemicals Limited Carotene Corporation Information
7.9.2 Unilex Colours & Chemicals Limited Carotene Product Portfolio
7.9.3 Unilex Colours & Chemicals Limited Carotene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.9.4 Unilex Colours & Chemicals Limited Main Business and Markets Served
7.9.5 Unilex Colours & Chemicals Limited Recent Developments/Updates
7.10 Tian He Cheng
7.10.1 Tian He Cheng Carotene Corporation Information
7.10.2 Tian He Cheng Carotene Product Portfolio
7.10.3 Tian He Cheng Carotene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.10.4 Tian He Cheng Main Business and Markets Served
7.10.5 Tian He Cheng Recent Developments/Updates
8 Carotene Manufacturing Cost Analysis
8.1 Carotene Key Raw Materials Analysis
8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
8.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price Trend
8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Carotene
8.4 Carotene Industrial Chain Analysis
9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers
9.1 Marketing Channel
9.2 Carotene Distributors List
9.3 Carotene Customers
10 Market Dynamics
10.1 Carotene Industry Trends
10.2 Carotene Growth Drivers
10.3 Carotene Market Challenges
10.4 Carotene Market Restraints
11 Production and Supply Forecast
11.1 Global Forecasted Production of Carotene by Region (2022-2027)
11.2 North America Carotene Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.3 Europe Carotene Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.4 China Carotene Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.5 India Carotene Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
12 Consumption and Demand Forecast
12.1 Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Carotene
12.2 North America Forecasted Consumption of Carotene by Country
12.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of Carotene by Country
12.4 Asia Pacific Market Forecasted Consumption of Carotene by Region
12.5 Latin America Forecasted Consumption of Carotene by Country
13 Forecast by Type and by Application (2022-2027)
13.1 Global Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.1 Global Forecasted Production of Carotene by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Carotene by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Carotene by Type (2022-2027)
13.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of Carotene by Application (2022-2027)
14 Research Finding and Conclusion
15 Methodology and Data Source
15.1 Methodology/Research Approach
15.1.1 Research Programs/Design
15.1.2 Market Size Estimation
15.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
15.2 Data Source
15.2.1 Secondary Sources
15.2.2 Primary Sources
15.3 Author List
15.4 Disclaimer
List of Figures, Tables and Charts Available in Global Carotene Market Research Report 2021
List of TablesTable 1. Global Carotene Market Size by Type (MT) & (US$ Million) (2021 VS 2027)
Table 2. Global Carotene Consumption (MT) Comparison by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Table 3. Carotene Market Size Comparison by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Table 4. Global Carotene Production Capacity (MT) by Manufacturers
Table 5. Global Carotene Production (MT) by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 6. Global Carotene Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 7. Global Carotene Revenue (US$ Million) by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 8. Global Carotene Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Carotene as of 2020)
Table 10. Global Market Carotene Average Price (USD/kg) of Key Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 11. Manufacturers Carotene Production Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers Carotene Product Types
Table 13. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 14. Global Carotene Production Capacity (MT) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 15. Global Carotene Production (MT) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 16. Global Carotene Revenue (US$ Million) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 17. Global Carotene Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 18. Global Carotene Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/kg) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 19. North America Carotene Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/kg) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 20. Europe Carotene Production (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/kg) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 21. China Carotene Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/kg) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 22. India Carotene Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/kg) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 23. Global Carotene Consumption Market by Region (2016-2021) & (MT)
Table 24. Global Carotene Consumption Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 25. North America Carotene Consumption by Country (2016-2021) & (MT)
Table 26. Europe Carotene Consumption by Country (2016-2021) & (MT)
Table 27. Asia Pacific Carotene Consumption by Region (2016-2021) & (MT)
Table 28. Latin America Carotene Consumption by Countries (2016-2021) & (MT)
Table 29. Global Carotene Production (MT) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 30. Global Carotene Production Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 31. Global Carotene Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 32. Global Carotene Revenue Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 33. Global Carotene Price (USD/kg) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 34. Global Carotene Consumption by Application (2016-2021) & (MT)
Table 35. Global Carotene Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 36. Global Carotene Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)
Table 37. DSM Carotene Corporation Information
Table 38. DSM Specification and Application
Table 39. DSM Carotene Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/kg) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 40. DSM Main Business and Markets Served
Table 41. DSM Recent Developments/Updates
Table 42. BASF Carotene Corporation Information
Table 43. BASF Specification and Application
Table 44. BASF Carotene Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/kg) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 45. BASF Main Business and Markets Served
Table 46. BASF Recent Developments/Updates
Table 47. Chempoint Carotene Corporation Information
Table 48. Chempoint Specification and Application
Table 49. Chempoint Carotene Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/kg) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 50. Chempoint Main Business and Markets Served
Table 51. Chempoint Recent Developments/Updates
Table 52. Vinayak Ingredients Carotene Corporation Information
Table 53. Vinayak Ingredients Specification and Application
Table 54. Vinayak Ingredients Carotene Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/kg) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 55. Vinayak Ingredients Main Business and Markets Served
Table 56. Vinayak Ingredients Recent Developments/Updates
Table 57. KANEGRADE Carotene Corporation Information
Table 58. KANEGRADE Specification and Application
Table 59. KANEGRADE Carotene Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/kg) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 60. KANEGRADE Main Business and Markets Served
Table 61. KANEGRADE Recent Developments/Updates
Table 62. ChemFaces Carotene Corporation Information
Table 63. ChemFaces Specification and Application
Table 64. ChemFaces Carotene Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/kg) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 65. ChemFaces Main Business and Markets Served
Table 66. ChemFaces Recent Developments/Updates
Table 67. Rajvi Enterprise Carotene Corporation Information
Table 68. Rajvi Enterprise Specification and Application
Table 69. Rajvi Enterprise Carotene Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/kg) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 70. Rajvi Enterprise Main Business and Markets Served
Table 71. Rajvi Enterprise Recent Developments/Updates
Table 72. Daxinpharm Carotene Corporation Information
Table 73. Daxinpharm Specification and Application
Table 74. Daxinpharm Carotene Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/kg) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 75. Daxinpharm Main Business and Markets Served
Table 76. Daxinpharm Recent Developments/Updates
Table 77. Unilex Colours & Chemicals Limited Carotene Corporation Information
Table 78. Unilex Colours & Chemicals Limited Specification and Application
Table 79. Unilex Colours & Chemicals Limited Carotene Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/kg) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 80. Unilex Colours & Chemicals Limited Main Business and Markets Served
Table 81. Unilex Colours & Chemicals Limited Recent Developments/Updates
Table 82. Tian He Cheng Carotene Corporation Information
Table 83. Tian He Cheng Specification and Application
Table 84. Tian He Cheng Carotene Production Capacity (MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/kg) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 85. Tian He Cheng Main Business and Markets Served
Table 86. Tian He Cheng Recent Developments/Updates
Table 87. Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Table 88. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Table 89. Carotene Distributors List
Table 90. Carotene Customers List
Table 91. Carotene Market Trends
Table 92. Carotene Growth Drivers
Table 93. Carotene Market Challenges
Table 94. Carotene Market Restraints
Table 95. Global Carotene Production (MT) Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Table 96. North America Carotene Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (MT)
Table 97. Europe Carotene Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (MT)
Table 98. Asia Pacific Carotene Consumption Forecast by Region (2022-2027) & (MT)
Table 99. Latin America Carotene Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (MT)
Table 100. Global Carotene Production Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (MT)
Table 101. Global Carotene Revenue Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (US$ Million)
Table 102. Global Carotene Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (USD/kg)
Table 103. Global Carotene Consumption (MT) Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table 104. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 105. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 106. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Carotene
Figure 2. Global Carotene Market Share by Type: 2020 VS 2027
Figure 3. α-Carotene Product Picture
Figure 4. β-Carotene Product Picture
Figure 5. Global Carotene Market Share by Application: 2020 VS 2027
Figure 6. Food & Beverages
Figure 7. Pharmaceuticals & Dietary Supplements
Figure 8. Personal Care & Cosmetics
Figure 9. Animal Feed Industries
Figure 10. Global Carotene Revenue (US$ Million), 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Figure 11. Global Carotene Revenue (US$ Million) (2016-2027)
Figure 12. Global Carotene Production Capacity (MT) & (2016-2027)
Figure 13. Global Carotene Production (MT) & (2016-2027)
Figure 14. North America Carotene Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 15. Europe Carotene Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 16. China Carotene Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 17. India Carotene Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 18. Carotene Production Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 19. Global Carotene Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 20. Carotene Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2016 VS 2020
Figure 21. Global Market Carotene Average Price (USD/kg) of Key Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 22. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Carotene Revenue in 2020
Figure 23. Global Carotene Production Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Figure 24. North America Carotene Production (MT) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 25. Europe Carotene Production (MT) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 26. China Carotene Production (MT) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 27. India Carotene Production (MT) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 28. Global Carotene Consumption Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Figure 29. Global Carotene Consumption Market Share by Region in 2020
Figure 30. North America Carotene Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 31. North America Carotene Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 32. Canada Carotene Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 33. U.S. Carotene Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 34. Europe Carotene Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 35. Europe Carotene Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 36. Germany America Carotene Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 37. France Carotene Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 38. U.K. Carotene Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 39. Italy Carotene Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 40. Russia Carotene Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 41. Asia Pacific Carotene Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 42. Asia Pacific Carotene Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2020
Figure 43. China Carotene Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 44. Japan Carotene Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 45. South Korea Carotene Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 46. Taiwan Carotene Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 47. Southeast Asia Carotene Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 48. India Carotene Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 49. Australia Carotene Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 50. Latin America Carotene Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 51. Latin America Carotene Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 52. Mexico Carotene Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 53. Brazil Carotene Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (MT)
Figure 54. Production Market Share of Carotene by Type (2016-2021)
Figure 55. Production Market Share of Carotene by Type in 2020
Figure 56. Revenue Share of Carotene by Type (2016-2021)
Figure 57. Revenue Market Share of Carotene by Type in 2020
Figure 58. Global Carotene Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Figure 59. Global Carotene Consumption Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 60. Global Carotene Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)
Figure 61. Key Raw Materials Price Trend
Figure 62. Manufacturing Cost Structure of Carotene
Figure 63. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Carotene
Figure 64. Carotene Industrial Chain Analysis
Figure 65. Channels of Distribution
Figure 66. Distributors Profiles
Figure 67. Global Carotene Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Figure 68. North America Carotene Production (MT) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 69. Europe Carotene Production (MT) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 70. China Carotene Production (MT) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 71. India Carotene Production (MT) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 72. Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Carotene (2015-2027) & (MT)
Figure 73. Global Carotene Production Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Figure 74. Global Carotene Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Figure 75. Global Carotene Consumption Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Figure 76. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 77. Data Triangulation
Keyplayers in Global Carotene Market Research Report 2021
DSMBASF
Chempoint
Vinayak Ingredients
KANEGRADE
ChemFaces
Rajvi Enterprise
Daxinpharm
Unilex Colours & Chemicals Limited
Tian He Cheng