Global Contrast Media Market 2020 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2025
SKU ID : GIR-15082876 | Publishing Date : 15-Jan-2020 | No. of pages : 102
Detailed TOC of Global Contrast Media Market 2020 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2025
Table of Contents1 Market Overview
1.1 Contrast Media Introduction
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 Overview: Global Contrast Media Revenue by Type: 2015 VS 2019 VS 2025
1.2.2 X-ray & CT Contrast Media
1.2.3 MRI Contrast Media
1.2.4 Ultrasound Contrast Media
1.3 Market Analysis by Application
1.3.1 Overview: Global Contrast Media Revenue by Application: 2015 VS 2019 VS 2025
1.3.2 Hospitals
1.3.3 Clinics
1.4 Overview of Global Contrast Media Market
1.4.1 Global Contrast Media Market Status and Outlook (2015-2025)
1.4.2 North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
1.4.3 Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia and Italy)
1.4.4 Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)
1.4.5 South America, Middle East & Africa
1.5 Market Dynamics
1.5.1 Market Opportunities
1.5.2 Market Risk
1.5.3 Market Driving Force
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 GE
2.1.1 GE Details
2.1.2 GE Major Business and Total Revenue (Financial Highlights) Analysis
2.1.3 GE SWOT Analysis
2.1.4 GE Product and Services
2.1.5 GE Contrast Media Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
2.2 BeiLu Pharma
2.2.1 BeiLu Pharma Details
2.2.2 BeiLu Pharma Major Business and Total Revenue (Financial Highlights) Analysis
2.2.3 BeiLu Pharma SWOT Analysis
2.2.4 BeiLu Pharma Product and Services
2.2.5 BeiLu Pharma Contrast Media Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
2.3 Guerbet Group
2.3.1 Guerbet Group Details
2.3.2 Guerbet Group Major Business and Total Revenue (Financial Highlights) Analysis
2.3.3 Guerbet Group SWOT Analysis
2.3.4 Guerbet Group Product and Services
2.3.5 Guerbet Group Contrast Media Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
2.4 Bayer
2.4.1 Bayer Details
2.4.2 Bayer Major Business and Total Revenue (Financial Highlights) Analysis
2.4.3 Bayer SWOT Analysis
2.4.4 Bayer Product and Services
2.4.5 Bayer Contrast Media Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
2.5 YRPG
2.5.1 YRPG Details
2.5.2 YRPG Major Business and Total Revenue (Financial Highlights) Analysis
2.5.3 YRPG SWOT Analysis
2.5.4 YRPG Product and Services
2.5.5 YRPG Contrast Media Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
2.6 Bracco Imaging
2.6.1 Bracco Imaging Details
2.6.2 Bracco Imaging Major Business and Total Revenue (Financial Highlights) Analysis
2.6.3 Bracco Imaging SWOT Analysis
2.6.4 Bracco Imaging Product and Services
2.6.5 Bracco Imaging Contrast Media Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
2.7 Lantheus
2.7.1 Lantheus Details
2.7.2 Lantheus Major Business and Total Revenue (Financial Highlights) Analysis
2.7.3 Lantheus SWOT Analysis
2.7.4 Lantheus Product and Services
2.7.5 Lantheus Contrast Media Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
2.8 Hengrui Medicine
2.8.1 Hengrui Medicine Details
2.8.2 Hengrui Medicine Major Business and Total Revenue (Financial Highlights) Analysis
2.8.3 Hengrui Medicine SWOT Analysis
2.8.4 Hengrui Medicine Product and Services
2.8.5 Hengrui Medicine Contrast Media Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Contrast Media Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2018-2019)
3.2 Global Contrast Media Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2018-2019)
3.3 Market Concentration Rate
3.3.1 Top 3 Contrast Media Manufacturer Market Share in 2019
3.3.2 Top 6 Contrast Media Manufacturer Market Share in 2019
3.4 Market Competition Trend
4 Global Market Analysis by Regions
4.1 Global Contrast Media Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Regions
4.1.1 Global Contrast Media Sales and Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
4.1.2 Global Contrast Media Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
4.2 North America Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
4.3 Europe Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
4.5 South America Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
5 North America by Country
5.1 North America Contrast Media Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
5.1.1 North America Contrast Media Sales and Market Share by Country (2015-2020)
5.1.2 North America Contrast Media Revenue and Market Share by Country (2015-2020)
5.2 United States Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
5.3 Canada Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
5.4 Mexico Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6 Europe by Country
6.1 Europe Contrast Media Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
6.1.1 Europe Contrast Media Sales and Market Share by Country (2015-2020)
6.1.2 Europe Contrast Media Revenue and Market Share by Country (2015-2020)
6.2 Germany Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.3 UK Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.4 France Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.5 Russia Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.6 Italy Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7 Asia-Pacific by Regions
7.1 Asia-Pacific Contrast Media Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Regions
7.1.1 Asia-Pacific Contrast Media Sales and Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
7.1.2 Asia-Pacific Contrast Media Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
7.2 China Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.3 Japan Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.4 Korea Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.5 India Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.6 Southeast Asia Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.7 Australia Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8 South America by Country
8.1 South America Contrast Media Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
8.1.1 South America Contrast Media Sales and Market Share by Country (2015-2020)
8.1.2 South America Contrast Media Revenue and Market Share by Country (2015-2020)
8.2 Brazil Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.3 Argentina Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9 Middle East & Africa by Countries
9.1 Middle East & Africa Contrast Media Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
9.1.1 Middle East & Africa Contrast Media Sales and Market Share by Country (2015-2020)
9.1.2 Middle East & Africa Contrast Media Revenue and Market Share by Country (2015-2020)
9.2 Saudi Arabia Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.3 Turkey Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.4 Egypt Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.5 South Africa Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10 Market Segment by Type
10.1 Global Contrast Media Sales and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
10.2 Global Contrast Media Revenue and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
10.3 Global Contrast Media Price by Type (2015-2020)
11 Global Contrast Media Market Segment by Application
11.1 Global Contrast Media Sales Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
11.2 Global Contrast Media Revenue Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
11.3 Global Contrast Media Price by Application (2015-2020)
12 Market Forecast
12.1 Global Contrast Media Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2021-2025)
12.2 Contrast Media Market Forecast by Regions (2021-2025)
12.2.1 North America Contrast Media Market Forecast (2021-2025)
12.2.2 Europe Contrast Media Market Forecast (2021-2025)
12.2.3 Asia-Pacific Contrast Media Market Forecast (2021-2025)
12.2.4 South America Contrast Media Market Forecast (2021-2025)
12.2.5 Middle East & Africa Contrast Media Market Forecast (2021-2025)
12.3 Contrast Media Market Forecast by Type (2021-2025)
12.3.1 Global Contrast Media Sales Forecast by Type (2021-2025)
12.3.2 Global Contrast Media Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2025)
12.4 Contrast Media Market Forecast by Application (2021-2025)
12.4.1 Global Contrast Media Sales Forecast by Application (2021-2025)
12.4.2 Global Contrast Media Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2025)
13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
13.1 Sales Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.2 Distributors, Traders and Dealers
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
15 Appendix
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Data Source
15.3 Disclaimer
15.4 About US
List of Figures, Tables and Charts Available in Global Contrast Media Market 2020 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2025
List of TablesTable 1. Global Contrast Media Revenue (USD Million) by Type: 2015 VS 2019 VS 2025
Table 2. Breakdown of Contrast Media by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
Table 3. Global Contrast Media Revenue (USD Million) by Application: 2015 VS 2019 VS 2025
Table 4. Market Opportunities in Next Few Years
Table 5. Market Risks Analysis
Table 6. Market Drivers
Table 7. GE Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 8. GE Contrast Media Major Business
Table 9. GE Contrast Media Total Revenue (USD Million) (2017-2018)
Table 10. GE SWOT Analysis
Table 11. GE Contrast Media Product and Services
Table 12. GE Contrast Media Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table 13. BeiLu Pharma Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 14. BeiLu Pharma Contrast Media Major Business
Table 15. BeiLu Pharma Contrast Media Total Revenue (USD Million) (2017-2018)
Table 16. BeiLu Pharma SWOT Analysis
Table 17. BeiLu Pharma Contrast Media Product and Services
Table 18. BeiLu Pharma Contrast Media Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table 19. Guerbet Group Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 20. Guerbet Group Contrast Media Major Business
Table 21. Guerbet Group Contrast Media Total Revenue (USD Million) (2017-2018)
Table 22. Guerbet Group SWOT Analysis
Table 23. Guerbet Group Contrast Media Product and Services
Table 24. Guerbet Group Contrast Media Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table 25. Bayer Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 26. Bayer Contrast Media Major Business
Table 27. Bayer Contrast Media Total Revenue (USD Million) (2017-2018)
Table 28. Bayer SWOT Analysis
Table 29. Bayer Contrast Media Product and Services
Table 30. Bayer Contrast Media Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table 31. YRPG Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 32. YRPG Contrast Media Major Business
Table 33. YRPG Contrast Media Total Revenue (USD Million) (2017-2018)
Table 34. YRPG SWOT Analysis
Table 35. YRPG Contrast Media Product and Services
Table 36. YRPG Contrast Media Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table 37. Bracco Imaging Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 38. Bracco Imaging Contrast Media Major Business
Table 39. Bracco Imaging Contrast Media Total Revenue (USD Million) (2017-2018)
Table 40. Bracco Imaging SWOT Analysis
Table 41. Bracco Imaging Contrast Media Product and Services
Table 42. Bracco Imaging Contrast Media Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table 43. Lantheus Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 44. Lantheus Contrast Media Major Business
Table 45. Lantheus Contrast Media Total Revenue (USD Million) (2017-2018)
Table 46. Lantheus SWOT Analysis
Table 47. Lantheus Contrast Media Product and Services
Table 48. Lantheus Contrast Media Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table 49. Hengrui Medicine Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 50. Hengrui Medicine Contrast Media Major Business
Table 51. Hengrui Medicine Contrast Media Total Revenue (USD Million) (2017-2018)
Table 52. Hengrui Medicine SWOT Analysis
Table 53. Hengrui Medicine Contrast Media Product and Services
Table 54. Hengrui Medicine Contrast Media Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2019)
Table 55. Global Contrast Media Sales by Manufacturer (2018-2019) (M Units)
Table 56. Global Contrast Media Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2019) (USD Million)
Table 57. Global Contrast Media Sales by Regions (2015-2020) (M Units)
Table 58. Global Contrast Media Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Table 59. Global Contrast Media Revenue by Regions (2015-2020) (USD Million)
Table 60. North America Contrast Media Sales by Countries (2015-2020) (M Units)
Table 61. North America Contrast Media Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table 62. North America Contrast Media Revenue by Countries (2015-2020) (USD Million)
Table 63. North America Contrast Media Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table 64. Europe Contrast Media Sales by Countries (2015-2020) (M Units)
Table 65. Europe Contrast Media Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table 66. Europe Contrast Media Revenue by Countries (2015-2020) (USD Million)
Table 67. Asia-Pacific Contrast Media Sales by Regions (2015-2020) (M Units)
Table 68. Asia-Pacific Contrast Media Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Table 69. Asia-Pacific Contrast Media Revenue by Regions (2015-2020) (USD Million)
Table 70. South America Contrast Media Sales by Countries (2015-2020) (M Units)
Table 71. South America Contrast Media Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table 72. South America Contrast Media Revenue by Countries (2015-2020) (USD Million)
Table 73. South America Contrast Media Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table 74. Middle East & Africa Contrast Media Sales by Countries (2015-2020) (M Units)
Table 75. Middle East & Africa Contrast Media Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table 76. Middle East & Africa Contrast Media Revenue by Countries (2015-2020) (USD Million)
Table 77. Middle East & Africa Contrast Media Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table 78. Global Contrast Media Sales by Type (2015-2020) (M Units)
Table 79. Global Contrast Media Sales Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 80. Global Contrast Media Revenue by Type (2015-2020) (USD Million)
Table 81. Global Contrast Media Revenue Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 82. Global Contrast Media Sales by Application (2015-2020) (M Units)
Table 83. Global Contrast Media Sales Share by Application (2015-2020)
Table 84. Global Contrast Media Sales Forecast by Regions (2021-2025) (M Units)
Table 85. Global Contrast Media Market Share Forecast by Regions (2021-2025)
Table 86. Global Contrast Media Sales Forecast by Type (2021-2025) (M Units)
Table 87. Global Contrast Media Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2025)
Table 88. Global Contrast Media Sales Forecast by Application (2021-2025)
Table 89. Global Contrast Media Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2025)
Table 90. Direct Channel Pros & Cons
Table 91. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons
Table 92. Distributors/Traders/ Dealers List
List of Figures
Figure 1. Contrast Media Picture
Figure 2. Global Sales Market Share of Contrast Media by Type in 2019
Figure 3. X-ray & CT Contrast Media Picture
Figure 4. MRI Contrast Media Picture
Figure 5. Ultrasound Contrast Media Picture
Figure 6. Contrast Media Sales Market Share by Application in 2018
Figure 7. Hospitals Picture
Figure 8. Clinics Picture
Figure 9. Global Contrast Media Market Status and Outlook (2015-2025) (USD Million)
Figure 10. United States Contrast Media Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 11. Canada Contrast Media Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 12. Mexico Contrast Media Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 13. Germany Contrast Media Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 14. France Contrast Media Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 15. UK Contrast Media Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 16. Russia Contrast Media Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 17. Italy Contrast Media Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 18. China Contrast Media Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 19. Japan Contrast Media Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 20. Korea Contrast Media Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 21. India Contrast Media Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 22. Southeast Asia Contrast Media Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 23. Australia Contrast Media Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025) (USD Million)
Figure 24. Brazil Contrast Media Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 25. Egypt Contrast Media Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 26. Saudi Arabia Contrast Media Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 27. South Africa Contrast Media Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 28. Turkey Contrast Media Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2015-2025)
Figure 29. Global Contrast Media Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2019
Figure 30. Global Contrast Media Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2019
Figure 31. Top 3 Contrast Media Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2019
Figure 32. Top 6 Contrast Media Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2019
Figure 33. Key Manufacturer Market Share Trend
Figure 34. Global Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (M Units)
Figure 35. Global Contrast Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (USD Million)
Figure 36. Global Contrast Media Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure 37. Global Contrast Media Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018
Figure 38. North America Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 39. Europe Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 40. Asia-Pacific Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 41. South America Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 42. Middle East & Africa Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 43. North America Contrast Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (USD Million)
Figure 44. North America Contrast Media Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure 45. North America Contrast Media Sales Market Share by Countries in 2018
Figure 46. North America Contrast Media Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) (USD Million)
Figure 47. North America Contrast Media Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2018
Figure 48. United States Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (M Units)
Figure 49. Canada Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (M Units)
Figure 50. Mexico Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (M Units)
Figure 51. Europe Contrast Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (USD Million)
Figure 52. Europe Contrast Media Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure 53. Europe Contrast Media Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure 54. Germany Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (M Units)
Figure 55. UK Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (M Units)
Figure 56. France Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (M Units)
Figure 57. Russia Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (M Units)
Figure 58. Italy Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (M Units)
Figure 59. Asia-Pacific Contrast Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (USD Million)
Figure 60. Asia-Pacific Contrast Media Sales Market Share by Regions 2019
Figure 61. Asia-Pacific Contrast Media Revenue Market Share by Regions 2019
Figure 62. China Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (M Units)
Figure 63. Japan Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (M Units)
Figure 64. Korea Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (M Units)
Figure 65. India Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (M Units)
Figure 66. Southeast Asia Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (M Units)
Figure 67. South America Contrast Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (USD Million)
Figure 68. South America Contrast Media Sales Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure 69. South America Contrast Media Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure 70. Brazil Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (M Units)
Figure 71. Argentina Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (M Units)
Figure 72. Middle East and Africa Contrast Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (USD Million)
Figure 73. Middle East and Africa Contrast Media Sales Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure 74. Middle East and Africa Contrast Media Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure 75. Middle East and Africa Contrast Media Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure 76. Saudi Arabia Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (M Units)
Figure 77. Egypt Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (M Units)
Figure 78. Turkey Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (M Units)
Figure 79. South Africa Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) (M Units)
Figure 80. Global Contrast Media Sales and Growth Rate (2021-2025) (M Units)
Figure 81. Global Contrast Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2021-2025) (USD Million)
Figure 82. North America Sales Contrast Media Market Forecast (2021-2025) (M Units)
Figure 83. Europe Sales Contrast Media Market Forecast (2021-2025) (M Units)
Figure 84. Asia-Pacific Sales Contrast Media Market Forecast (2021-2025) (M Units)
Figure 85. South America Sales Contrast Media Market Forecast (2021-2025) (M Units)
Figure 86. Middle East & Africa Sales Contrast Media Market Forecast (2021-2025) (M Units)
Figure 87. Sales Channel: Direct Channel vs Indirect Channel