2014-2026 Global Turmeric Oleoresin Industry Market Research Report, Segment by Player, Type, Application, Marketing Channel, and Region
SKU ID : Maia-14998538 | Publishing Date : 17-Dec-2019 | No. of pages : 108
Detailed TOC of 2014-2026 Global Turmeric Oleoresin Industry Market Research Report, Segment by Player, Type, Application, Marketing Channel, and Region
Table of Content1 Introduction
1.1 Objective of the Study
1.2 Definition of the Market
1.3 Market Scope
1.3.1 Market Segment by Type, Application and Marketing Channel
1.3.2 Major Regions Covered (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Mid East & Africa)
1.4 Years Considered for the Study (2014-2026)
1.5 Currency Considered (U.S. Dollar)
1.6 Stakeholders
2 Key Findings of the Study
3 Market Dynamics
3.1 Driving Factors for this Market
3.2 Factors Challenging the Market
3.3 Opportunities of the Global Turmeric Oleoresin Market (Regions, Growing/Emerging Downstream Market Analysis)
3.4 Technological and Market Developments in the Turmeric Oleoresin Market
3.5 Industry News by Region
3.6 Regulatory Scenario by Region/Country
3.7 Market Investment Scenario Strategic Recommendations Analysis
4 Value Chain of the Turmeric Oleoresin Market
4.1 Value Chain Status
4.2 Upstream Raw Material Analysis
4.3 Midstream Major Company Analysis (by Manufacturing Base, by Product Type)
4.4 Distributors/Traders
4.5 Downstream Major Customer Analysis (by Region)
5 Global Turmeric Oleoresin Market-Segmentation by Type
5.1 Food grade
5.2 Pharmaceutical grade
5.3 Other
6 Global Turmeric Oleoresin Market-Segmentation by Application
6.1 Food & Beverages
6.2 Pharmaceutical
6.3 Cosmetics
6.4 Others
7 Global Turmeric Oleoresin Market-Segmentation by Marketing Channel
7.1 Traditional Marketing Channel (Offline)
7.2 Online Channel
8 Competitive Intelligence – Company Profiles
8.1 Synthite Industries
8.1.1 Synthite Industries Profile
8.1.2 Synthite Industries Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
8.1.3 Synthite Industries Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis
8.1.4 Synthite Industries Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions
8.2 Lluch Essence
8.2.1 Lluch Essence Profile
8.2.2 Lluch Essence Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
8.2.3 Lluch Essence Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis
8.2.4 Lluch Essence Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions
8.3 DDW
8.3.1 DDW Profile
8.3.2 DDW Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
8.3.3 DDW Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis
8.3.4 DDW Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions
8.4 Ungerer & Company
8.4.1 Ungerer & Company Profile
8.4.2 Ungerer & Company Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
8.4.3 Ungerer & Company Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis
8.4.4 Ungerer & Company Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions
8.5 Hebei Tianxu
8.5.1 Hebei Tianxu Profile
8.5.2 Hebei Tianxu Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
8.5.3 Hebei Tianxu Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis
8.5.4 Hebei Tianxu Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions
8.6 Penta
8.6.1 Penta Profile
8.6.2 Penta Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
8.6.3 Penta Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis
8.6.4 Penta Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions
8.7 Kalsec
8.7.1 Kalsec Profile
8.7.2 Kalsec Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
8.7.3 Kalsec Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis
8.7.4 Kalsec Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions
8.8 Volkem
8.8.1 Volkem Profile
8.8.2 Volkem Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
8.8.3 Volkem Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis
8.8.4 Volkem Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions
8.9 Reincke & Fichtner
8.9.1 Reincke & Fichtner Profile
8.9.2 Reincke & Fichtner Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
8.9.3 Reincke & Fichtner Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis
8.9.4 Reincke & Fichtner Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions
8.10 Aramacs
8.10.1 Aramacs Profile
8.10.2 Aramacs Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
8.10.3 Aramacs Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis
8.10.4 Aramacs Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions
8.11 Lionel Hitchen
8.11.1 Lionel Hitchen Profile
8.11.2 Lionel Hitchen Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
8.11.3 Lionel Hitchen Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis
8.11.4 Lionel Hitchen Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions
8.12 Plant Lipids
8.12.1 Plant Lipids Profile
8.12.2 Plant Lipids Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
8.12.3 Plant Lipids Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis
8.12.4 Plant Lipids Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions
8.13 CG Herbals
8.13.1 CG Herbals Profile
8.13.2 CG Herbals Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
8.13.3 CG Herbals Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis
8.13.4 CG Herbals Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions
8.14 Newkronen
8.14.1 Newkronen Profile
8.14.2 Newkronen Sales, Growth Rate and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
8.14.3 Newkronen Product/Solution Launches and Enhancements Analysis
8.14.4 Newkronen Business Overview/Recent Development/Acquisitions
9 Global Turmeric Oleoresin Market-Segmentation by Geography
10 North America
10.1 North America Turmeric Oleoresin Production, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (%) and Gross Analysis from 2014-2019E
10.2 North America Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption, Terminal Price, Consumption Value and Channel Margin Analysis from 2014-2019E
10.3 North America Turmeric Oleoresin Production Analysis from 2014-2019E
10.4 North America Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption Analysis from 2014-2019E
10.5 North America Turmeric Oleoresin Import and Export from 2014-2019E
10.6 North America Turmeric Oleoresin Value, Production and Market Share by Type (2014-2019E)
10.7 North America Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption, Value and Market Share by Application (2014-2019E)
10.8 North America Turmeric Oleoresin by Country (United States, Canada)
10.8.1 North America Turmeric Oleoresin Sales by Country (2014-2019E)
10.8.2 North America Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption Value by Country (2014-2019E)
10.9 North America Turmeric Oleoresin Market PEST Analysis
11 Europe
11.1 Europe Turmeric Oleoresin Production, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (%) and Gross Analysis from 2014-2019E
11.2 Europe Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption, Terminal Price, Consumption Value and Channel Margin Analysis from 2014-2019E
11.3 Europe Turmeric Oleoresin Production Analysis from 2014-2019E
11.4 Europe Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption Analysis from 2014-2019E
11.5 Europe Turmeric Oleoresin Import and Export from 2014-2019E
11.6 Europe Turmeric Oleoresin Value, Production and Market Share by Type (2014-2019E)
11.7 Europe Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption, Value and Market Share by Application (2014-2019E)
11.8 Europe Turmeric Oleoresin by Country (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Spain, Russia, Netherlands, Turkey, Switzerland, Sweden, Poland, Belgium)
11.8.1 Europe Turmeric Oleoresin Sales by Country (2014-2019E)
11.8.2 Europe Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption Value by Country (2014-2019E)
11.9 Europe Turmeric Oleoresin Market PEST Analysis
12 Asia-Pacific
12.1 Asia-Pacific Turmeric Oleoresin Production, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (%) and Gross Analysis from 2014-2019E
12.2 Asia-Pacific Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption, Terminal Price, Consumption Value and Channel Margin Analysis from 2014-2019E
12.3 Asia-Pacific Turmeric Oleoresin Production Analysis from 2014-2019E
12.4 Asia-Pacific Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption Analysis from 2014-2019E
12.5 Asia-Pacific Turmeric Oleoresin Import and Export from 2014-2019E
12.6 Asia-Pacific Turmeric Oleoresin Value, Production and Market Share by Type (2014-2019E)
12.7 Asia-Pacific Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption, Value and Market Share by Application (2014-2019E)
12.8 Asia-Pacific Turmeric Oleoresin by Country (China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, India, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia)
12.8.1 Asia-Pacific Turmeric Oleoresin Sales by Country (2014-2019E)
12.8.2 Asia-Pacific Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption Value by Country (2014-2019E)
12.9 Asia-Pacific Turmeric Oleoresin Market PEST Analysis
13 Latin America
13.1 Latin America Turmeric Oleoresin Production, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (%) and Gross Analysis from 2014-2019E
13.2 Latin America Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption, Terminal Price, Consumption Value and Channel Margin Analysis from 2014-2019E
13.3 Latin America Turmeric Oleoresin Production Analysis from 2014-2019E
13.4 Latin America Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption Analysis from 2014-2019E
13.5 Latin America Turmeric Oleoresin Import and Export from 2014-2019E
13.6 Latin America Turmeric Oleoresin Value, Production and Market Share by Type (2014-2019E)
13.7 Latin America Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption, Value and Market Share by Application (2014-2019E)
13.8 Latin America Turmeric Oleoresin by Country (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Columbia, Chile)
13.8.1 Latin America Turmeric Oleoresin Sales by Country (2014-2019E)
13.8.2 Latin America Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption Value by Country (2014-2019E)
13.9 Latin America Turmeric Oleoresin Market PEST Analysis
14 Middle East & Africa
14.1 Middle East & Africa Turmeric Oleoresin Production, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (%) and Gross Analysis from 2014-2019E
14.2 Middle East & Africa Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption, Terminal Price, Consumption Value and Channel Margin Analysis from 2014-2019E
14.3 Middle East & Africa Turmeric Oleoresin Production Analysis from 2014-2019E
14.4 Middle East & Africa Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption Analysis from 2014-2019E
14.5 Middle East & Africa Turmeric Oleoresin Import and Export from 2014-2019E
14.6 Middle East & Africa Turmeric Oleoresin Value, Production and Market Share by Type (2014-2019E)
14.7 Middle East & Africa Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption, Value and Market Share by Application (2014-2019E)
14.8 Middle East & Africa Turmeric Oleoresin by Country (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa)
14.8.1 Middle East & Africa Turmeric Oleoresin Sales by Country (2014-2019E)
14.8.2 Middle East & Africa Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption Value by Country (2014-2019E)
14.9 Middle East & Africa Turmeric Oleoresin Market PEST Analysis
15 Future Forecast of the Global Turmeric Oleoresin Market from 2018-2026
15.1 Future Forecast of the Global Turmeric Oleoresin Market from 2019-2026 Segment by Region
15.2 Global Turmeric Oleoresin Production and Growth Rate Forecast by Type (2019-2026)
15.3 Global Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast by Application (2019-2026)
16 Appendix
16.1 Methodology
16.2 Research Data Source
List of Figures, Tables and Charts Available in 2014-2026 Global Turmeric Oleoresin Industry Market Research Report, Segment by Player, Type, Application, Marketing Channel, and Region
List of Tables and FiguresGlobal Turmeric Oleoresin Market Value ($) and Growth Rate of Turmeric Oleoresin from 2014-2026
Global Turmeric Oleoresin Production and Growth Rate Segment by Product Type from 2014-2026F
Global Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption and Growth Rate Segment by Application from 2014-2019E
Figure Turmeric Oleoresin Picture
Table Product Specifications of Turmeric Oleoresin
Table Driving Factors for this Market
Table Industry News of Turmeric Oleoresin Market
Figure Value Chain Status of Turmeric Oleoresin
Table Midstream Major Company Analysis (by Manufacturing Base, by Product Type)
Table Distributors/Traders
Table Downstream Major Customer Analysis (by Region, by Preference)
Table Global Turmeric Oleoresin Production and Growth Rate Segment by Product Type from 2014-2019E
Table Global Turmeric Oleoresin Value ($) and Growth Rate Segment by Product Type from 2014-2019E
Figure Food grade of Turmeric Oleoresin
Figure Pharmaceutical grade of Turmeric Oleoresin
Figure Other of Turmeric Oleoresin
Table Global Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption and Growth Rate Segment by Application from 2014-2019E
Table Global Turmeric Oleoresin Value ($) and Growth Rate Segment by Application from 2014-2019E
Figure Food & Beverages of Turmeric Oleoresin
Figure Pharmaceutical of Turmeric Oleoresin
Figure Cosmetics of Turmeric Oleoresin
Figure Others of Turmeric Oleoresin
Table Global Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption and Growth Rate Segment by Marketing Channel from 2014-2019E
Table Global Turmeric Oleoresin Value ($) and Growth Rate Segment by Marketing Channel from 2014-2019E
Figure Traditional Marketing Channel (Offline) of Turmeric Oleoresin
Figure Online Channel of Turmeric Oleoresin
Table Synthite Industries Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region)
Figure Synthite Industries Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E
Figure Synthite Industries Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
Table Synthite Industries Turmeric Oleoresin Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E)
Table Lluch Essence Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region)
Figure Lluch Essence Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E
Figure Lluch Essence Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
Table Lluch Essence Turmeric Oleoresin Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E)
Table DDW Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region)
Figure DDW Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E
Figure DDW Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
Table DDW Turmeric Oleoresin Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E)
Table Ungerer & Company Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region)
Figure Ungerer & Company Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E
Figure Ungerer & Company Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
Table Ungerer & Company Turmeric Oleoresin Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E)
Table Hebei Tianxu Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region)
Figure Hebei Tianxu Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E
Figure Hebei Tianxu Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
Table Hebei Tianxu Turmeric Oleoresin Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E)
Table Penta Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region)
Figure Penta Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E
Figure Penta Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
Table Penta Turmeric Oleoresin Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E)
Table Kalsec Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region)
Figure Kalsec Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E
Figure Kalsec Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
Table Kalsec Turmeric Oleoresin Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E)
Table Volkem Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region)
Figure Volkem Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E
Figure Volkem Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
Table Volkem Turmeric Oleoresin Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E)
Table Reincke & Fichtner Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region)
Figure Reincke & Fichtner Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E
Figure Reincke & Fichtner Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
Table Reincke & Fichtner Turmeric Oleoresin Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E)
Table Aramacs Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region)
Figure Aramacs Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E
Figure Aramacs Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
Table Aramacs Turmeric Oleoresin Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E)
Table Lionel Hitchen Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region)
Figure Lionel Hitchen Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E
Figure Lionel Hitchen Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
Table Lionel Hitchen Turmeric Oleoresin Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E)
Table Plant Lipids Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region)
Figure Plant Lipids Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E
Figure Plant Lipids Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
Table Plant Lipids Turmeric Oleoresin Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E)
Table CG Herbals Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region)
Figure CG Herbals Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E
Figure CG Herbals Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
Table CG Herbals Turmeric Oleoresin Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E)
Table Newkronen Profile (Company Name, Plants Distribution, Sales Region)
Figure Newkronen Sales and Growth Rate from 2014-2019E
Figure Newkronen Revenue ($) and Global Market Share from 2014-2019E
Table Newkronen Turmeric Oleoresin Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin (2014-2019E)
Table Global Turmeric Oleoresin Production Value ($) by Region from 2014-2019E
Table Global Turmeric Oleoresin Production Value Share by Region from 2014-2019E
Table Global Turmeric Oleoresin Production by Region from 2014-2019E
Table Global Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption Value ($) by Region from 2014-2019E
Table Global Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption by Region from 2014-2019E
Table North America Turmeric Oleoresin Production, Ex-factory Price Revenue ($), Gross Margin (%) and Gross ($) Analysis from 2014-2019E
Table North America Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption, Terminal Price, Consumption Value ($) and Channel Margin Analysis from 2014-2019E
Table North America Turmeric Oleoresin Import and Export from 2014-2019E
Table North America Turmeric Oleoresin Value ($) by Type (2014-2019E)
Table North America Turmeric Oleoresin Production by Type (2014-2019E)
Table North America Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption by Application (2014-2019E)
Table North America Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption by Country (2014-2019E)
Table North America Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption Value ($) by Country (2014-2019E)
Figure North America Turmeric Oleoresin Market PEST Analysis
Table Europe Turmeric Oleoresin Production, Ex-factory Price Revenue ($), Gross Margin (%) and Gross ($) Analysis from 2014-2019E
Table Europe Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption, Terminal Price, Consumption Value ($) and Channel Margin Analysis from 2014-2019E
Table Europe Turmeric Oleoresin Import and Export from 2014-2019E
Table Europe Turmeric Oleoresin Value ($) by Type (2014-2019E)
Table Europe Turmeric Oleoresin Production by Type (2014-2019E)
Table Europe Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption by Application (2014-2019E)
Table Europe Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption by Country (2014-2019E)
Table Europe Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption Value ($) by Country (2014-2019E)
Figure Europe Turmeric Oleoresin Market PEST Analysis
Table Asia-Pacific Turmeric Oleoresin Production, Ex-factory Price Revenue ($), Gross Margin (%) and Gross ($) Analysis from 2014-2019E
Table Asia-Pacific Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption, Terminal Price, Consumption Value ($) and Channel Margin Analysis from 2014-2019E
Table Asia-Pacific Turmeric Oleoresin Import and Export from 2014-2019E
Table Asia-Pacific Turmeric Oleoresin Value ($) by Type (2014-2019E)
Table Asia-Pacific Turmeric Oleoresin Production by Type (2014-2019E)
Table Asia-Pacific Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption by Application (2014-2019E)
Table Asia-Pacific Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption by Country (2014-2019E)
Table Asia-Pacific Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption Value ($) by Country (2014-2019E)
Figure Asia-Pacific Turmeric Oleoresin Market PEST Analysis
Table Latin America Turmeric Oleoresin Production, Ex-factory Price Revenue ($), Gross Margin (%) and Gross ($) Analysis from 2014-2019E
Table Latin America Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption, Terminal Price, Consumption Value ($) and Channel Margin Analysis from 2014-2019E
Table Latin America Turmeric Oleoresin Import and Export from 2014-2019E
Table Latin America Turmeric Oleoresin Value ($) by Type (2014-2019E)
Table Latin America Turmeric Oleoresin Production by Type (2014-2019E)
Table Latin America Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption by Application (2014-2019E)
Table Latin America Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption by Country (2014-2019E)
Table Latin America Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption Value ($) by Country (2014-2019E)
Figure Latin America Turmeric Oleoresin Market PEST Analysis
Table Middle East & Africa Turmeric Oleoresin Production, Ex-factory Price Revenue ($), Gross Margin (%) and Gross ($) Analysis from 2014-2019E
Table Middle East & Africa Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption, Terminal Price, Consumption Value ($) and Channel Margin Analysis from 2014-2019E
Table Middle East & Africa Turmeric Oleoresin Import and Export from 2014-2019E
Table Middle East & Africa Turmeric Oleoresin Value ($) by Type (2014-2019E)
Table Middle East & Africa Turmeric Oleoresin Production by Type (2014-2019E)
Table Middle East & Africa Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption by Application (2014-2019E)
Table Middle East & Africa Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption by Country (2014-2019E)
Table Middle East & Africa Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption Value ($) by Country (2014-2019E)
Figure Middle East & Africa Turmeric Oleoresin Market PEST Analysis
Table Global Turmeric Oleoresin Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2018-2026)
Table Global Turmeric Oleoresin Production and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2019-2026)
Table Global Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2019-2026)
Table Global Turmeric Oleoresin Production and Growth Rate Forecast by Type (2019-2026)
Table Global Turmeric Oleoresin Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast by Application (2019-2026)